Genetic variants in frizzled-related protein (FRZB) and the risk of colorectal neoplasia.
2009Cancer causes & control : CCC
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
fulltoplow inflation risk
Tryptophan metabolism
colorectal cancer
Tryptophan metabolism looks like a credible signal in colorectal cancer, though some caution is still warranted.
Tryptophan metabolism shows a strong literature footprint in colorectal cancer, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
tryptophan_metabolism
Credibility score
96
Human translation
3/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
5/5
Credibility 96Human translation 3/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 5/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- dense review literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- directionality and confounding still require curated review
Primary central evidence
28 papersQuantification of tryptophan transport and metabolism in lung tumors using PET.
2009Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Urinary metabonomic study on colorectal cancer.
2010Journal of proteome research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Distinct urinary metabolic profile of human colorectal cancer.
2012Journal of proteome research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Accumulation of an endogenous tryptophan-derived metabolite in colorectal and breast cancers.
2015PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing of human colorectal cancers and adjacent mucosa.
2018PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Tryptophan Metabolism as Source of New Prognostic Biomarkers for FAP Patients.
2019International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Effect of diet and intestinal AhR expression on fecal microbiome and metabolomic profiles.
2020Microbial cell factories
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Alteration of fecal tryptophan metabolism correlates with shifted microbiota and may be involved in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
2020World journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analysis reveals distinct gut-microbiome-derived phenotypes in early-onset colorectal cancer.
2023Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota-derived tryptophan catabolites mediate the chemopreventive effects of statins on colorectal cancer.
2023Nature microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Age-, sex- and proximal-distal-resolved multi-omics identifies regulators of intestinal aging in non-human primates.
2024Nature aging
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial metabolite enhances immunotherapy efficacy by modulating T cell stemness in pan-cancer.
2024Cell
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota-derived I3A protects the intestine against radiation injury by activating AhR/IL-10/Wnt signaling and enhancing the abundance of probiotics.
2024Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Supplementation Significantly Activates T-Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity and Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer.
2024Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Colorectal Cancer Detection via Metabolites and Machine Learning.
2024Current issues in molecular biology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Circulating tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with all-cause mortality among patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer.
2025International journal of cancer
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Patients with Colorectal Advanced Adenoma by Metagenomic Analyses.
2024The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Mapping the relationship between alcohol use disorder and gut microbiota: a 20-year bibliometric study.
2024Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Epacadostat Overcomes Cetuximab Resistance in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting IDO-Mediated Tryptophan Metabolism.
2025Cancer science
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Integrated single cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses reveal the impact of tryptophan metabolism on prognosis and immunotherapy in colon cancer.
2025Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Metabolomic analysis reveals key changes in amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer patients.
2025Amino acids
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Novel cross-feeding human gut microbes metabolizing tryptophan to indole-3-propionate.
2025Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Deciphering tryptophan metabolism in colorectal cancer through multi-omics analysis.
2025Biochemistry and biophysics reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction enhances Capecitabine-Oxaliplatin efficacy via Akkermansia muciniphila and CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Nanoprodrug targeting tumor-associated intracellular bacteria enhances colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
2026Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Chemotherapy-driven intestinal dysbiosis and indole-3-propionic acid rewire myelopoiesis to promote a metastasis-refractory state.
2025Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The mechanism of acetyl-L-carnitine on colorectal cancer and its metabolomic study.
2026Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
1 papersMolecular Mechanisms of Skatole-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells: Implications for Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2024Cells
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
25 papersAryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activity of Tryptophan Metabolites in Young Adult Mouse Colonocytes.
2015Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Targeting SERT promotes tryptophan metabolism: mechanisms and implications in colon cancer treatment.
2021Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Overproduction of Gastrointestinal 5-HT Promotes Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Progression via Enhancing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.
2021Cancer immunology research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Synthetic Essentiality of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 in APC-Mutated Colorectal Cancer.
2022Cancer discovery
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
USP14 promotes tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression by stabilizing IDO1 in colorectal cancer.
2022Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Metformin Reprograms Tryptophan Metabolism to Stimulate CD8+ T-cell Function in Colorectal Cancer.
2023Cancer research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
3-hydroxykynurenine is a ROS-inducing cytotoxic tryptophan metabolite that disrupts the TCA cycle.
2023bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Akkermansia muciniphila inhibits tryptophan metabolism via the AhR/β-catenin signaling pathway to counter the progression of colorectal cancer.
2023International journal of biological sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbial metabolite facilitates colorectal cancer development via ferroptosis inhibition.
2024Nature cell biology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Bifidobacterium breve-derived indole-3-lactic acid ameliorates colitis-associated tumorigenesis by directing the differentiation of immature colonic macrophages.
2024Theranostics
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Black rice diet alleviates colorectal cancer development through modulating tryptophan metabolism and activating AHR pathway.
2024iMeta
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Jianpi Jiedu decoction suppresses colorectal cancer growth by inhibiting M2 polarization of TAMs through the tryptophan metabolism-AhR pathway.
2024International immunopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Bidirectional effects of the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetaldehyde on colorectal cancer.
2024World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Tryptophan As a New Member of RNA-Induced Silencing Complexes Prevents Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis.
2024Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor Suppresses Colon Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.
2024Anticancer research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Integration of microbiome, metabolomics and transcriptome for in-depth understanding of berberine attenuates AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
2024Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
L-tryptophan and copper interactions linked to reduced colibactin genotoxicity in pks+ Escherichia coli.
2024mSystems
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gasdermin D promotes development of intestinal tumors through regulating IL-1β release and gut microbiota composition.
2024Cell communication and signaling : CCS
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Nano-Armed Limosilactobacillus reuteri for Enhanced Photo-Immunotherapy and Microbiota Tryptophan Metabolism against Colorectal Cancer.
2025Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota derived indole-3-acetic acid ameliorates precancerous inflammatory intestinal milieu to inhibit tumorigenesis through IL-35.
2025Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Indole-3-lactic acid suppresses colorectal cancer via metabolic reprogramming.
2025Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Tailoring a Functional Synthetic Microbial Community Alleviates Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected Colorectal Cancer via Ecological Control.
2025Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Parabacteroides johnsonii inhibits the onset and progression of colorectal cancer by modulating the gut microbiota.
2025Journal of translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dietary tryptophan augments cancer-associated venous thrombogenicity mitigated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition.
2025Blood advances
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Intestinal bacteria and cancer.
1979Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
18 papersTherapeutic targeting of inflammation and tryptophan metabolism in colon and gastrointestinal cancer.
2016Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism.
2018Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
METABOLIC DYSBIOSIS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS BIOMARKERS.
2016Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Urine as a biological modality for colorectal cancer detection.
2020Expert review of molecular diagnostics
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Serotonin Pathway in Cancer.
2021International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer.
2021Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Targeting regulation of tryptophan metabolism for colorectal cancer therapy: a systematic review.
2019RSC advances
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Meta-Analysis of Altered Gut Microbiota Reveals Microbial and Metabolic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer.
2022Microbiology spectrum
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Dual Role of Indoles Derived From Intestinal Microbiota on Human Health.
2022Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Urinary volatile organic compounds for colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2023European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Indole metabolites and colorectal cancer: Gut microbial tryptophan metabolism, host gut microbiome biomarkers, and potential intervention mechanisms.
2023Microbiological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Postbiotics in colorectal cancer: intervention mechanisms and perspectives.
2024Frontiers in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbial metabolites: Shaping future diagnosis and treatment against gastrointestinal cancer.
2024Pharmacological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of amino acid metabolism in tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer.
2025American journal of cancer research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Prospect of interdisciplinary research on gut microbiota and colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
2025Critical reviews in oncology/hematology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Metabolic interactions: how gut microbial metabolites influence colorectal cancer.
2025Frontiers in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiota-host metabolism reprogramming in colorectal cancer: from pathogenesis to precision therapies.
2025Frontiers in oncology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The metabolism-immune axis in colorectal cancer: remodeling the tumor microenvironment through metabolite signaling.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.