Modulation of gut microbiota dysbioses in type 2 diabetic patients by macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet.
2016The British journal of nutrition
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
fulltoplow inflation risk
Streptococcus
type 2 diabetes
Streptococcus looks like a credible signal in type 2 diabetes, though some caution is still warranted.
Streptococcus shows a strong literature footprint in type 2 diabetes, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
streptococcus
Credibility score
73
Human translation
3/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
2/5
Actionability
5/5
Credibility 73Human translation 3/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 2/5Actionability 5/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- meaningful supporting human literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- directionality and confounding still require curated review
Primary central evidence
21 papersThe gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
2017Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes.
2018Diabetologia
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The oral microbiome profile and biomarker in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
2020Endocrine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gene-level metagenomic architectures across diseases yield high-resolution microbiome diagnostic indicators.
2021Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Correlation Between Gut Microbiota and Testosterone in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
2022Frontiers in endocrinology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Cirrhosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
2022Journal of diabetes research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal Bacterial Community and Metagenome Function in Asians with Type 2 Diabetes, According to Enterotypes.
2022Biomedicines
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota is correlated with gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
2022Frontiers in endocrinology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Effects of Initial Combinations of Gemigliptin Plus Metformin Compared with Glimepiride Plus Metformin on Gut Microbiota and Glucose Regulation in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The INTESTINE Study.
2023Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
2023Microbiology spectrum
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Case Report.
2022Cureus
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in Pregnant Women with Pregestational Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
2023mSystems
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Distribution characteristics of oral microbiota and its relationship with intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2023Frontiers in endocrinology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analyses Aid Model Classification of Type 2 Diabetes in Non-Human Primates.
2024Metabolites
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Impact of HbA1c control and type 2 diabetes mellitus exposure on the oral microbiome profile in the elderly population.
2024Journal of oral microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Effects of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) and its combination with irbesartan in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy via the gut-kidney axis.
2024Frontiers in pharmacology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Urobiome of patients with diabetic kidney disease in different stages is revealed by 2bRAD-M.
2025Journal of translational medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal microbiome analysis in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
2025PeerJ
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Integrating 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and targeted tryptophan metabolomics to reveal potential mechanism of mulberry leaf extract in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.
2025Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Diabetes alters the supragingival microbiome through plasma-to-saliva migration of glucose and fructose.
2025Microbiome
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
4 papersSubgingival Microbiota of Mexicans with Type 2 Diabetes with Different Periodontal and Metabolic Conditions.
2019International journal of environmental research and public health
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Gut microbiota and cerebrovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.
2023Frontiers in microbiology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
2023Frontiers in microbiology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Systemic and gut microbiome changes with metformin and liraglutide in youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the MIGHTY study.
2025Gut microbes
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
17 papersImpaired CD4+ and T-helper 17 cell memory response to Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with elevated glucose and percent glycated hemoglobin A1c in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2014Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Oral dysbacteriosis in type 2 diabetes and its role in the progression to cardiovascular disease.
2017African health sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effect of heat-killed Streptococcus thermophilus on type 2 diabetes rats.
2019PeerJ
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Rotundic Acid Protects against Metabolic Disturbance and Improves Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Rats.
2019Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Periodontitis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact on gut microbiota and systemic inflammation.
2020Aging
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Conjunctival Microbiota in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Influences of Perioperative Use of Topical Levofloxacin in Ocular Surgery.
2021Frontiers in medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of Pulmonary Infection in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Implications for Clinical Intervention.
2022Computational and mathematical methods in medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Interrelations between Gut Microbiota Composition, Nutrient Intake and Diabetes Status in an Adult Japanese Population.
2022Journal of clinical medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Diagnosis and detection of VicK gene in Streptococcus mutans isolated from the saliva of patients with diabetic type 2 with tooth decay in the Iraqi population.
2022Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Hypoglycemic Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota.
2022Frontiers in nutrition
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Comparative analysis of the ocular surface microbiome in type-1, type-2 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals.
2023Journal of applied microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis investigates associations between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2024Frontiers in endocrinology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Group B Streptococcus Meningitis in an Adult Woman with Type 2 Diabetes and Ethmoid Roof Defect. Impact on "frontal" Cognitive Functions.
2024European journal of case reports in internal medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Naturally acquired antibodies against 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Pakistani adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2024PloS one
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Salivary microbiome variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different stages of periodontitis.
2024BMC oral health
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Diabetes impairs IFNγ-dependent antibacterial defense in the lungs.
2025Mucosal immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Multistrain Probiotics and Telomere Length in Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.
2025Life (Basel, Switzerland)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
8 papersYogurt and other fermented foods as sources of health-promoting bacteria.
2018Nutrition reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Probiotics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A review of randomized controlled trials.
2020Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Enhanced endocytosis elevated virulence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 due to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
2022Gene reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Biotics Family: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives in Metabolic Diseases.
2022Life (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Composition in Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
2022Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Can probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation modulate the gut-liver axis in type 2 diabetes? A narrative and systematic review of clinical trials.
2022Frontiers in nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause and intestinal microbiota.
2023Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Probiotic supplementation contributes to glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
2025Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.