preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
supportedtophigh inflation risk
Staphylococcus epidermidis
atopic dermatitis
Staphylococcus epidermidis has meaningful literature visibility in atopic dermatitis, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Staphylococcus epidermidis shows a moderate evidence base in atopic dermatitis, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.
staphylococcus_epidermidis
Credibility score
89
Human translation
2/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
3/5
Credibility 89Human translation 2/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 3/5
Why this scores the way it does
- moderate central evidence base
- meaningful supporting human literature
- dense review literature
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
13 papersThe presence and impact of biofilm-producing staphylococci in atopic dermatitis.
2014JAMA dermatology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Drives Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis.
2015Immunity
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Antimicrobials from human skin commensal bacteria protect against Staphylococcus aureus and are deficient in atopic dermatitis.
2017Science translational medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Skin Microbiome Compositional Changes in Atopic Dermatitis Accompany Dead Sea Climatotherapy.
2019Photochemistry and photobiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
2019Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Development of a human skin commensal microbe for bacteriotherapy of atopic dermatitis and use in a phase 1 randomized clinical trial.
2021Nature medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Staphylococcus aureus causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction.
2023Allergy
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Targeting Skin Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis.
2023The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Rapid reduction in Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis subjects following dupilumab treatment.
2023The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Temporal relationships between Staphylococcus aureus colonization, filaggrin expression, and pediatric atopic dermatitis.
2024Allergy
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Stratum corneum and microbial biomarkers precede and characterize childhood atopic dermatitis.
2024Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Multi-omics signatures reveal genomic and functional heterogeneity of Cutibacterium acnes in normal and diseased skin.
2024Cell host & microbe
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of agave fructans in atopic dermatitis: gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid implication.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
5 papersCutaneous Malassezia microbiota in atopic dermatitis patients differ by gender and body part.
2010Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland)
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Initial Evidence of Distinguishable Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis or Netherton Syndrome.
2021The Journal of investigative dermatology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Phage SaGU1 that Infects Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.
2021Current microbiology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from atopic or healthy skin have opposite effect on skin cells: potential implication of the AHR pathway modulation.
2023Frontiers in immunology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
A Consensus on Staphylococcus aureus Exacerbated Atopic Dermatitis and the Need for a Novel Treatment.
2024Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
25 papersTemporal shifts in the skin microbiome associated with disease flares and treatment in children with atopic dermatitis.
2012Genome research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Nickel allergy and relationship with Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis.
2016Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strain diversity underlying pediatric atopic dermatitis.
2017Science translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A Derivative of Butyric Acid, the Fermentation Metabolite of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Inhibits the Growth of a Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Atopic Dermatitis Patients.
2019Toxins
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effects of Colloidal Oatmeal Topical Atopic Dermatitis Cream on Skin Microbiome and Skin Barrier Properties.
2020Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Staphylococcus epidermidis protease EcpA can be a deleterious component of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis.
2021The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Biofilm propensity of Staphylococcus aureus skin isolates is associated with increased atopic dermatitis severity and barrier dysfunction in the MPAACH pediatric cohort.
2021Allergy
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Staphylococcal Phage in Combination with Staphylococcus Epidermidis as a Potential Treatment for Staphylococcus Aureus-Associated Atopic Dermatitis and Suppressor of Phage-Resistant Mutants.
2020Viruses
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The Skin and Nose Microbiome and Its Association with Filaggrin Gene Mutations in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis.
2022Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The influence of the commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis on the epidermal barrier and inflammation: Implications for atopic dermatitis.
2023Experimental dermatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Staphylococcal diversity in atopic dermatitis from an individual to a global scale.
2023Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Staphylococcus aureus from Atopic Dermatitis Patients: Its Genetic Structure and Susceptibility to Phototreatment.
2023Microbiology spectrum
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Atopic dermatitis-derived Staphylococcus aureus strains: what makes them special in the interplay with the host.
2023Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Skin microbe-dependent TSLP-ILC2 priming axis in early life is co-opted in allergic inflammation.
2024Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Atopic dermatitis pediatric patients show high rates of nasal and intestinal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
2024BMC microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A Staphylococcus epidermidis strain inhibits the uptake of Staphylococcus aureus derived from atopic dermatitis skin into the keratinocytes.
2024Journal of dermatological science
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Comprehensive analysis of phenotypes and transcriptome characteristics reveal the best atopic dermatitis mouse model induced by MC903.
2024Journal of dermatological science
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The extracellular serine protease from Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a type 2-biased immune response in atopic dermatitis patients.
2024Frontiers in immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Staphylococcus aureus colonizing the skin microbiota of adults with severe atopic dermatitis exhibits genomic diversity and convergence in biofilm traits.
2024Biofilm
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effects of a Moisturizer Containing Colloidal Oatmeal and Filaggrin Technology on Staphylococcus Species In Vitro.
2025Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microneedle delivery platform integrated with Staphylococcus epidermidis-derived extracellular vesicles-based nanoantibiotics for efficient bacterial infection atopic dermatitis treatment.
2025Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Phytic Acid Improves the Skin Barrier Function in Murine Models of Atopic Dermatitis Through Skin Microbiota-Derived Indole-3-Propionic Acid.
2025Allergy
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Staphylococcus Strains in Atopic Dermatitis in Children: Toxins Production and Resistance Properties.
2025Life (Basel, Switzerland)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Commensal Staphylococci attenuate Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization and inflammation via AHR-dependent signaling.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Skin microbiome composition and function in the development of atopic diseases during infancy.
2025bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
47 papersThe antimicrobial skin barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis.
2011Current problems in dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbial symbiosis with the innate immune defense system of the skin.
2011The Journal of investigative dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Atopic dermatitis: epidemiology and pathogenesis update.
2012Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Commensal bacteria and cutaneous immunity.
2015Seminars in immunopathology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome and pediatric atopic dermatitis.
2015The Journal of dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis.
2015Current allergy and asthma reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Skin Biomes.
2016Current allergy and asthma reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bacterial and Viral Infections in Atopic Dermatitis: a Comprehensive Review.
2016Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Exploring Staphylococcus epidermidis in atopic eczema: friend or foe?
2016Clinical and experimental dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review.
2017The British journal of dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcal Biofilms in Atopic Dermatitis.
2017Current allergy and asthma reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcus aureus and Atopic Dermatitis: A Complex and Evolving Relationship.
2018Trends in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
pH in nature, humans and skin.
2018The Journal of dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Atopic dermatitis.
2018Nature reviews. Disease primers
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis.
2019The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: Strain-specific cell wall proteins and skin immunity.
2019Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome and skin biology.
2019Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins in Atopic Dermatitis.
2019Toxins
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Interactions Between Atopic Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Clinical Implications.
2019Allergy, asthma & immunology research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Atopic dermatitis.
2019Allergy and asthma proceedings
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
[Not Available].
2019Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Biotherapeutic Approaches in Atopic Dermatitis.
2020Biotechnology journal
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis: Past, Present, and Future.
2020Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis.
2020Acta dermato-venereologica
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes: Two Major Sentinels of Skin Microbiota and the Influence of Cosmetics.
2020Microorganisms
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The microbiome and its impact on food allergy and atopic dermatitis in children.
2020Postepy dermatologii i alergologii
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Novel mechanisms of microbial crosstalk with skin innate immunity.
2021Experimental dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Skin microbiome of atopic dermatitis.
2022Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Manipulating Microbiota to Treat Atopic Dermatitis: Functions and Therapies.
2022Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Endotypes of atopic dermatitis and food allergy.
2023The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Obesity and the microbiome in atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic implications for PPAR-γ agonists.
2023Frontiers in allergy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Skin microbiome dysbiosis and the role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis in adults and children: A narrative review.
2023Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The immunological and structural epidermal barrier dysfunction and skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis-an update.
2023Frontiers in molecular biosciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Filaggrin and beyond: New insights into the skin barrier in atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases, from genetics to therapeutic perspectives.
2024Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The skin microbiome in pediatric atopic dermatitis and food allergy.
2024Allergy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome: Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases.
2024Journal of inflammation research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Secondary Bacterial Infections in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis or Other Common Dermatoses.
2024American journal of clinical dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification.
2024The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The skin barrier and microbiome in infantile atopic dermatitis development: can skincare prevent onset?
2024International immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Effect of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and immune defects on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
2024Archives of microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Skin Microbiome Dynamics in Atopic Dermatitis: Understanding Host-Microbiome Interactions.
2025Allergy, asthma & immunology research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis: victim or executioner?
2025Clinical microbiology reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Vitamin D in Atopic Dermatitis: Role in Disease and Skin Microbiome.
2025Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Dual Role of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Atopic Dermatitis: Pathobiont and Protector.
2026Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: How a common bacterium exploits and drives disease.
2026The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcus aureus and atopic dermatitis.
1983Archives of dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis and its therapeutic implications.
1998The British journal of dermatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.