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supportedtopmoderate inflation risk

Richness

obesity

Richness is an interesting but still moderate-confidence signal in obesity.

Richness shows a moderate evidence base in obesity, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.

richness
Credibility score
57
Human translation
3/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
2/5
Actionability
3/5
Credibility 57Human translation 3/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 2/5Actionability 3/5
Why this scores the way it does
  • moderate central evidence base
  • dense review literature
Main caveats
  • directionality and confounding still require curated review

Internal review flags

1 flags
review_heavy

Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.

Primary central evidence

13 papers
Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy.
2012
Cell
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women.
2018
Nature medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity.
2020
Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Mediterranean diet intervention in overweight and obese subjects lowers plasma cholesterol and causes changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome independently of energy intake.
2020
Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Understanding the Heterogeneity of Obesity and the Relationship to the Brain-Gut Axis.
2020
Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota is associated with metabolic health in children with obesity.
2022
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Vitamin B12 Status and Gut Microbiota among Saudi Females with Obesity.
2022
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Intermittent fasting modulates the intestinal microbiota and improves obesity and host energy metabolism.
2023
NPJ biofilms and microbiomes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Analysis of differences in intestinal flora associated with different BMI status in colorectal cancer patients.
2024
Journal of translational medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Recipient microbiome-related features predicting metabolic improvement following fecal microbiota transplantation in adults with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome: a secondary analysis of a phase 2 clinical trial.
2024
Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Postnatal overfeeding induces gut microbiota disturbances and impairs GPR43/FIAF/LPL pathway in the rat model of PCOS.
2025
Journal of physiology and biochemistry
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Prominent mediatory role of gut microbiome in the effect of lifestyle on host metabolic phenotypes.
2025
Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Multi-omic definition of metabolic obesity through adipose tissue-microbiome interactions.
2026
Nature medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.

Supporting primary evidence

1 papers
Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.
2013
Nature
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.

Preclinical supporting evidence

9 papers
Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology.
2016
Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Is Grassfed Meat and Dairy Better for Human and Environmental Health?
2019
Frontiers in nutrition
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology.
2020
Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in healthy and diarrheic yaks.
2022
Microbial cell factories
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Airway microbiota and immune mediator relationships differ in obesity and asthma.
2023
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota changes associated with low-carbohydrate diet intervention for obesity.
2024
Open life sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Evaluation of gut microbiota alterations following orlistat administration in obese mice.
2024
Frontiers in endocrinology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Postbiotic potential of SCFAs on metaflammation and gut microbiota alteration in diabetes.
2025
Journal of biosciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The dynamics of the gut microbiota in prediabetes during a four-year follow-up among European patients-an IMI-DIRECT prospective study.
2025
Genome medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.

Review supporting evidence

24 papers
Gut-liver axis and probiotics: their role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
2014
World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Early Microbe Contact and Obesity Risk: Evidence Of Causality?
2016
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiota and Obesity.
2017
Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Diet and microbiota linked in health and disease.
2018
Food & function
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome in normal and pathological pregnancies: A literature overview.
2018
American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The role of the gut microbiota on animal model reproducibility.
2018
Animal models and experimental medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Human Obesity: Impact of Bariatric Surgery.
2019
Current obesity reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: a Future Therapeutic Option for Obesity/Diabetes?
2019
Current diabetes reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiota impacts on chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome - related cognitive dysfunction.
2019
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Whole Food-Based Approaches to Modulating Gut Microbiota and Associated Diseases.
2020
Annual review of food science and technology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Factors affecting early-life intestinal microbiota development.
2020
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
From obesity through gut microbiota to cardiovascular diseases: a dangerous journey.
2020
International journal of obesity supplements
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Impact of the factors shaping gut microbiota on obesity.
2021
Journal of applied microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Phytoplankton Toxins and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Journey toward the Quest for Potent Pharmaceuticals.
2022
Marine drugs
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Human milk oligosaccharides as prebiotics.
2023
Pediatrics and neonatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Composition, Microbiota, Mechanisms, and Anti-Obesity Properties of Rice Bran.
2023
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Modeling microbiota-associated human diseases: from minimal models to complex systems.
2022
Microbiome research reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Integrative metagenomic analysis reveals distinct gut microbial signatures related to obesity.
2024
BMC microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Incretin hormones, obesity and gut microbiota.
2024
Peptides
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The effect of intermittent fasting on microbiota as a therapeutic approach in obesity.
2024
Frontiers in nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Nutrition, Exercise, and Cognitive Rehabilitation for Dementia Prevention.
2024
Juntendo Iji zasshi = Juntendo medical journal
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Food Additives' Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
2024
Cureus
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Cannabis and cannabinoid-microbiome interactions in varied clinical contexts: A comprehensive systematic review.
2025
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Effects of GLP-1 Analogues and Agonists on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review.
2025
Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.