preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
fulltophigh inflation risk
Proteobacteria
obesity
Proteobacteria has meaningful literature visibility in obesity, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Proteobacteria shows a strong literature footprint in obesity, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
proteobacteria
Credibility score
99
Human translation
2/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
5/5
Credibility 99Human translation 2/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 5/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- meaningful supporting human literature
- dense review literature
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
21 papersHost remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy.
2012Cell
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Association of obesity with serum leptin, adiponectin, and serotonin and gut microflora in beagle dogs.
2015Journal of veterinary internal medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women.
2018Nature medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Liraglutide modulates gut microbiota and reduces NAFLD in obese mice.
2018The Journal of nutritional biochemistry
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Mulberry leaves ameliorate obesity through enhancing brown adipose tissue activity and modulating gut microbiota.
2019Food & function
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Trans-fatty acids alter the gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats.
2020The British journal of nutrition
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Exercise training modulates the gut microbiota profile and impairs inflammatory signaling pathways in obese children.
2020Experimental & molecular medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and neonatal gut bacterial colonization are associated with cognitive development and gut microbiota composition in pre-school-age offspring.
2022Brain, behavior, and immunity
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Concomitance of COVID-19 and legionnaires' disease - a case series.
2022Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy induce substantial and persistent changes in microbial communities and metabolic pathways.
2022Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on gut and meconium microbiome and relationship with fetal growth.
2022The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbial indicators of metabolic health underlie age-related differences in obesity and diabetes risk among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.
2022Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Potential therapeutic implications of histidine catabolism by the gut microbiota in NAFLD patients with morbid obesity.
2023Cell reports. Medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Obesity-enriched gut microbe degrades myo-inositol and promotes lipid absorption.
2024Cell host & microbe
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Characterisation of LPS+ bacterial extracellular vesicles along the gut-hepatic portal vein-liver axis.
2024Journal of extracellular vesicles
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Visceral adiposity in postmenopausal women is associated with a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome and immunogenic metabolic endotoxemia.
2024Microbiome
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Adipose Tissue-Resident Sphingomonas Paucimobilis Suppresses Adaptive Thermogenesis by Reducing 15-HETE Production and Inhibiting AMPK Pathway.
2024Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Acupoint catgut embedding regulates community structure of intestinal flora in central obesity during perimenopause.
2024Women & health
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Helicobacter pylori CagA elevates FTO to induce gastric cancer progression via a "hit-and-run" paradigm.
2025Cancer communications (London, England)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Long-term arsenic exposure perturbs gut microbial diversity, composition and predicts metabolic dysregulation.
2025Journal of hazardous materials
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
High-fat diet-induced obesity-related hypertension via altered gut microbiota-mediated histone butyrylation.
2026Science China. Life sciences
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
3 papersHepatic microbiome in healthy lean and obese humans.
2021JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Schizophrenia Patients With Prevotella-Enterotype Have a Higher Risk of Obesity.
2022Frontiers in psychiatry
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Low-Calorie and Two-Phase Diets in Obese Individuals.
2023Nutrients
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
26 papersKrüppel-like factor 4 regulates macrophage polarization.
2011The Journal of clinical investigation
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
2012Gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota.
2015Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Diet- and Genetically-Induced Obesity Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Apc1638N Mice.
2015PloS one
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota characterisation in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery.
2018Beneficial microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection.
2018Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Metabolic and Gut Microbial Characterization of Obesity-Prone Mice under a High-Fat Diet.
2019Journal of proteome research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Healthspan and lifespan extension by fecal microbiota transplantation into progeroid mice.
2019Nature medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Oral microbiome and obesity in a large study of low-income and African-American populations.
2019Journal of oral microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Subgingival microbiota in overweight and obese young adults with no destructive periodontal disease.
2021Journal of periodontology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The Probiotic Strain H. alvei HA4597® Improves Weight Loss in Overweight Subjects under Moderate Hypocaloric Diet: A Proof-of-Concept, Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.
2021Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
High-fat diet-induced colonocyte dysfunction escalates microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide.
2021Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Profiles of gut microbiota in obese-insulin-resistant rats treated with biotics.
2022European journal of nutrition
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Composition in Human Urine and the 10-Year Risk of Abdominal Obesity.
2023Metabolic syndrome and related disorders
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Role of Gut Microbiota in Overweight Susceptibility in an Adult Population in Italy.
2023Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Identification of an alternative triglyceride biosynthesis pathway.
2023Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota signatures of vulnerability to food addiction in mice and humans.
2024Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Capsaicin Reduces Obesity by Reducing Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation.
2024International journal of molecular sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Prevalence of common upper gastrointestinal diseases in Chinese adults aged 18-64 years.
2024Science bulletin
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Tirzepatide, a dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), positively impacts the altered microbiota of obese, diabetic, ovariectomized mice.
2025Life sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effects of Long-Term Fasting on Gut Microbiota, Serum Metabolome, and Their Association in Male Adults.
2024Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Archaea methanogens are associated with cognitive performance through the shaping of gut microbiota, butyrate and histidine metabolism.
2025Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Integrative gut microbiota, metabolomics and proteomics studies unraveled the mechanism of Shaoteng decoction in treating Sjogren's syndrome.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to metabolic dysfunction and associated steatotic liver disease: A large cross-sectional study.
2025World journal of gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gastric microbiota-specific signatures in adults with obesity and Helicobacter pylori-negative gastritis.
2025European journal of clinical investigation
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Hyperglycemia worsens gut bacterial infection through intestinal Wnt, but independent of endotoxemia or obesity.
2025American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
39 papersHelicobacter pylori infection in obesity and its clinical outcome after bariatric surgery.
2014World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Review article: Associations between Helicobacter pylori and obesity--an ecological study.
2014Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gut microbiome.
2014Inflammation & allergy drug targets
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Obesity and the microbiome.
2015Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Interaction of obesity and infections.
2015Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of the gastroenterologist in the management of the obese patient.
2017Gastroenterologia y hepatologia
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Population screening and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
2017Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Weight-loss interventions and gut microbiota changes in overweight and obese patients: a systematic review.
2017Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Environmental contributions to gastrointestinal and liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region.
2018Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Helicobacter pylori colonization and obesity - a Mendelian randomization study.
2017Scientific reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Smoking and the intestinal microbiome.
2018Archives of microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Importance of the Microbiome in Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review.
2019Obesity surgery
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Alteration of the esophageal microbiota in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
2019World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Human Obesity: Impact of Bariatric Surgery.
2019Current obesity reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and obesity in Chinese adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
2019PloS one
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Dysfunction and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
2019Frontiers in endocrinology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Profile of the gut microbiota of adults with obesity: a systematic review.
2020European journal of clinical nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis.
2020International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis.
2020Journal of personalized medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Diet, adiposity, and the gut microbiota from infancy to adolescence: A systematic review.
2021Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota: The Missing Link Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Metabolic Disorders?
2021Frontiers in endocrinology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota in patients with obesity and metabolic disorders - a systematic review.
2022Genes & nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota and physical exercise in obesity and diabetes - A systematic review.
2022Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Is There Any Link between Cognitive Impairment and Gut Microbiota? A Systematic Review.
2022Gerontology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Pathologies in Pregnancy.
2022International journal of environmental research and public health
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Circulating microbiota and metabolites: Insights into cardiovascular diseases.
2022Journal of clinical laboratory analysis
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gut microbiome: a core regulator of metabolism.
2023The Journal of endocrinology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gastro-Intestinal Microbiota in Equines and Its Role in Health and Disease: The Black Box Opens.
2022Microorganisms
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Growth factors in relation to obesity, food habits, and microbiota among healthy Saudis: preliminary results.
2022European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bariatric Surgery Patients.
2023Obesity surgery
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Tumorigenesis or Development of Colorectal Cancer.
2023Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The role of the gut microbiota in gastric cancer: the immunoregulation and immunotherapy.
2023Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Recent research progress on the correlation between metabolic syndrome and Helicobacter pylori infection.
2023PeerJ
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Enterobacteriaceae in the Human Gut: Dynamics and Ecological Roles in Health and Disease.
2024Biology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Gut Microbiome in Aging and Ovarian Cancer.
2024Aging and cancer
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
2025Metabolites
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Exercise reshapes gut microbiota to ameliorate core symptoms in PCOS: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
2025Frontiers in endocrinology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gastric Cancer: A Review.
2026JAMA
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Biochemistry of Human Gut Microbiota: Related Diseases and Dietary Interactions.
2026Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.