preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
fulltophigh inflation risk
Proteobacteria
inflammatory bowel disease
Proteobacteria has meaningful literature visibility in inflammatory bowel disease, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Proteobacteria shows a strong literature footprint in inflammatory bowel disease, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
proteobacteria
Credibility score
88
Human translation
2/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
4/5
Credibility 88Human translation 2/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 4/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- meaningful supporting human literature
- dense review literature
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
- retrieval noise or disease-specificity issues may remain
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
17 papersMany Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Are Not Immune to Measles or Pertussis.
2016Digestive diseases and sciences
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal microbial dysbiosis in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2018World journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet Plus Partial Enteral Nutrition Induces Sustained Remission in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
2019Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial imbalance in inflammatory bowel disease patients at different taxonomic levels.
2020Gut pathogens
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Changes in the Gut: Focus on Kazan Patients.
2021Inflammatory bowel diseases
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Metagenome Analysis of Intestinal Bacteria in Healthy People, Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer.
2021Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal microbiota in congenital chloride diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease.
2022PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota in mucosa and feces of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome patients.
2022Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The gut metagenomics and metabolomics signature in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2022Gut pathogens
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Differences in the Intestinal Flora of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southwest China.
2022Indian journal of microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dynamic Population of Gut Microbiota as an Indicator of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2022Iranian biomedical journal
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers revealed by the human gut microbiome network.
2023Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Surgery for Crohn's Disease Is Associated With a Dysbiotic Microbiome and Metabolome: Results From Two Prospective Cohorts.
2024Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Common diagnostic biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease.
2024Frontiers in immunology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Engineered Probiotics Enable Targeted Gut Delivery of Dual Gasotransmitters for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy.
2025Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Genetic and Microbial Analysis of Invasiveness for Escherichia coli Strains Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2025Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dialister-driven succinate accumulation is associated with disease activity and postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease.
2025World journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
2 papersEctopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives TH1 cell induction and inflammation.
2017Science (New York, N.Y.)
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Prevalence of H. Pylori in inflammatory bowel disease patients and its association with severity.
2025BMC gastroenterology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
27 papersIntestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota.
2012Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.
2014Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont.
2018Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) Alleviates Experimental Colitis in Mice by Gut Microbiota Regulation.
2020Journal of microbiology and biotechnology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The Intermucosal Connection between the Mouth and Gut in Commensal Pathobiont-Driven Colitis.
2020Cell
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Angiogenin maintains gut microbe homeostasis by balancing α-Proteobacteria and Lachnospiraceae.
2021Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
DUOX2 variants associate with preclinical disturbances in microbiota-immune homeostasis and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk.
2021The Journal of clinical investigation
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Protective Role of Spermidine in Colitis and Colon Carcinogenesis.
2022Gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ganluyin ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
2022Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Programmable probiotics modulate inflammation and gut microbiota for inflammatory bowel disease treatment after effective oral delivery.
2022Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Immune chromatin reader SP140 regulates microbiota and risk for inflammatory bowel disease.
2022Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Altered microbial biogeography in an innate model of colitis.
2022Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The oral-gut axis: Salivary and fecal microbiome dysbiosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2022Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Commensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolites.
2022Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases.
2022Minerva pediatrics
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
D-amino Acids Ameliorate Experimental Colitis and Cholangitis by Inhibiting Growth of Proteobacteria: Potential Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2023Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effect of Extracelluar Vesicles Derived from Akkermansia muciniphila on Intestinal Barrier in Colitis Mice.
2023Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
GLP-1 receptor agonists alleviate colonic inflammation by modulating intestinal microbiota and the function of group 3 innate lymphoid cells.
2024Immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Polyphenolic Nanoparticle-Modified Probiotics for Microenvironment Remodeling and Targeted Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2024ACS nano
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Engineered probiotics with sustained release of interleukin-2 for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease after oral delivery.
2024Biomaterials
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Baseline colitogenicity and acute perturbations of gut microbiota in immunotherapy-related colitis.
2025The Journal of experimental medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Intestinal E. coli-produced yersiniabactin promotes profibrotic macrophages in Crohn's disease.
2025Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Diosmin alleviates colitis by inhibiting PANoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and regulating gut microbiota and metabolites.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Novel Small-Molecule miR-124 Inducer Acts as "a Physiological Brake" of Inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis by Targeting the PIK3R2/PI3K/Akt Axis.
2025Journal of medicinal chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microbiota composition-based donor selection affects FMT efficacy in a murine colitis model.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles restore mucosal immunity via taurine-linked Th17/Treg and IgA/IgG regulation in colitis.
2025Journal of nanobiotechnology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Annexin A1 levels affect microbiota in health and DSS-induced colitis/inflammatory bowel disease development.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
40 papersProbiotics and inflammatory bowel disease.
2003BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Probiotics and prebiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: microflora 'on the scope'.
2008British journal of clinical pharmacology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Antibiotics and probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: why, when, and how.
2009Current opinion in gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease in different age groups.
2009Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Feline gastrointestinal microbiota.
2012Animal health research reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome and immunological interactions.
2012Nutrition reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Campylobacter concisus and inflammatory bowel disease.
2014World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: is there a link?
2014World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease.
2015Seminars in immunopathology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease in Asians: a meta-analysis.
2015World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Selye's general adaptation syndrome: stress-induced gastro-duodenal ulceration and inflammatory bowel disease.
2017The Journal of endocrinology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease.
2018Gut
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Current understanding of microbiota- and dietary-therapies for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
2018Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Smoking and the intestinal microbiome.
2018Archives of microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Inverse association between Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory bowel disease: myth or fact?
2018Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bacterial Dysbiosis and Translocation in Psoriasis Vulgaris.
2019Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021Archives of Iranian medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile Acid-Gut Microbiota Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside.
2021Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbial pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel diseases.
2022Microbial pathogenesis
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Is a Potential Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021Frontiers in nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lactobacillus and intestinal diseases: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
2022Microbiological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Alteration of the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2023Digestion
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Intestinal phages interact with bacteria and are involved in human diseases.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
2022World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Assessing the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapeutics: A Systematic Review.
2023Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms.
2023Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Inflammation and Digestive Cancer.
2023International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Review article: The complex interplay between diet and Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease.
2023Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut bacteriome in inflammatory bowel disease: An update on recent advances.
2024Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and the Efficacy of Probiotics as Functional Foods.
2024Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Association of Gut Microbiome and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Rapid Literature Review.
2024International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of gut microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in inflammatory bowel disease through immune-mediated synergistic actions.
2024World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota mediated T cells regulation and autoimmune diseases.
2024Frontiers in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Disentangling the nutrition-microbiota liaison in inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Molecular aspects of medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Interplay of Gut Microbiota, Biologic Agents, and Postoperative Anastomotic Leakage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review.
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease: parallels in gut physiology and microbiota.
2025Journal of bacteriology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Is the microbiome the answer to inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review.
2025Langenbeck's archives of surgery
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Molecular Landscape of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Targets for Precision Medicine.
2025Biomedicines
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Diet and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinical and Nutritional Perspective.
2026Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.