preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
fulltophigh inflation risk
Proteobacteria
crohn's disease
Proteobacteria has meaningful literature visibility in crohn's disease, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Proteobacteria shows a strong literature footprint in crohn's disease, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
proteobacteria
Credibility score
90
Human translation
2/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
4/5
Credibility 90Human translation 2/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 4/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- meaningful supporting human literature
- dense review literature
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
- retrieval noise or disease-specificity issues may remain
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
19 papersMucosal flora in inflammatory bowel disease.
2002Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
2010The Journal of pediatrics
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Comparative genomics of Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli.
2017Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial Factors Associated with Postoperative Crohn's Disease Recurrence.
2017Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Influence of Crohn's disease related polymorphisms in innate immune function on ileal microbiome.
2019PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet Plus Partial Enteral Nutrition Induces Sustained Remission in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
2019Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial imbalance in inflammatory bowel disease patients at different taxonomic levels.
2020Gut pathogens
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Serum Biomarkers Identify Patients Who Will Develop Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Up to 5 Years Before Diagnosis.
2020Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial Signature in Adipose Tissue of Crohn's Disease Patients.
2020Journal of clinical medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Serological markers facilitate the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.
2021Postgraduate medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal and mucosal microbiota profiling in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases.
2021European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota changes in inflammatory bowel diseases and ankylosing spondilytis.
2021Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
A Microbial Signature for Paediatric Perianal Crohn's Disease.
2022Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota manipulation to increase macrophage IL-10 improves colitis and limits colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
2022Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dynamic Population of Gut Microbiota as an Indicator of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2022Iranian biomedical journal
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
CRP in Outpatients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Linked to the Blood Microbiota.
2023International journal of molecular sciences
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Faecal microbiota and fatty acids in feline chronic enteropathy.
2023BMC veterinary research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota dysfunction in Crohn's disease.
2025Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Persistence mechanisms of Crohn's disease-associated adherent invasive Escherichia coli within macrophages.
2025Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
3 papersAdalimumab Therapy Improves Intestinal Dysbiosis in Crohn's Disease.
2019Journal of clinical medicine
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Enhanced mucosal mitochondrial function corrects dysbiosis and OXPHOS metabolism in IBD.
2024bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Relevant preprint retained as supporting evidence, not central evidence.
Identification of autophagy receptors for the Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli.
2024Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
28 papersDiet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.
2014Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut-resident CX3CR1hi macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ.
2020Science immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) Alleviates Experimental Colitis in Mice by Gut Microbiota Regulation.
2020Journal of microbiology and biotechnology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The Intermucosal Connection between the Mouth and Gut in Commensal Pathobiont-Driven Colitis.
2020Cell
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Angiogenin maintains gut microbe homeostasis by balancing α-Proteobacteria and Lachnospiraceae.
2021Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut Microenvironment and Bacterial Invasion in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
2020Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
DUOX2 variants associate with preclinical disturbances in microbiota-immune homeostasis and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk.
2021The Journal of clinical investigation
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The gastric microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease; a preliminary study.
2021Scientific reports
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Protective Role of Spermidine in Colitis and Colon Carcinogenesis.
2022Gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ganluyin ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
2022Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Programmable probiotics modulate inflammation and gut microbiota for inflammatory bowel disease treatment after effective oral delivery.
2022Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Targeted suppression of human IBD-associated gut microbiota commensals by phage consortia for treatment of intestinal inflammation.
2022Cell
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Commensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolites.
2022Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Multifunctional two-dimensional Bi2Se3 nanodiscs for anti-inflammatory therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.
2023Acta biomaterialia
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut Microbiome-Generated Phenylacetylglutamine from Dietary Protein is Associated with Crohn's Disease and Exacerbates Colitis in Mouse Model Possibly via Platelet Activation.
2023Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
PUFAs add fuel to Crohn's disease-associated AIEC-induced enteritis by exacerbating intestinal epithelial lipid peroxidation.
2023Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effect of Extracelluar Vesicles Derived from Akkermansia muciniphila on Intestinal Barrier in Colitis Mice.
2023Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyrate reduces adherent-invasive E. coli-evoked disruption of epithelial mitochondrial morphology and barrier function: involvement of free fatty acid receptor 3.
2023Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
GLP-1 receptor agonists alleviate colonic inflammation by modulating intestinal microbiota and the function of group 3 innate lymphoid cells.
2024Immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Baseline colitogenicity and acute perturbations of gut microbiota in immunotherapy-related colitis.
2025The Journal of experimental medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Intestinal E. coli-produced yersiniabactin promotes profibrotic macrophages in Crohn's disease.
2025Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Tas2r105 ameliorates gut inflammation, possibly through influencing the gut microbiota and metabolites.
2025mSystems
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Bacterial membrane vesicles restore gut anaerobiosis.
2025NPJ biofilms and microbiomes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Diosmin alleviates colitis by inhibiting PANoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and regulating gut microbiota and metabolites.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Elucidating the role of Campylobacter concisus-derived indole metabolites in gut inflammation and immune modulation.
2025Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Synergistic Amino and Hydroxyl Groups That Enhance SOD-Like Activity in Curcumin Carbon Dots for Improved Colitis Treatment.
2025ACS applied materials & interfaces
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Oat Avenanthramide-C Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis Through Regulating Intestinal Immune Activity and Gut Microbiota in Mice.
2025Molecular nutrition & food research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles restore mucosal immunity via taurine-linked Th17/Treg and IgA/IgG regulation in colitis.
2025Journal of nanobiotechnology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
34 papersThe microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease in different age groups.
2009Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
IBD-what role do Proteobacteria play?
2012Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Feline gastrointestinal microbiota.
2012Animal health research reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gut microbiome.
2014Inflammation & allergy drug targets
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Escherichia coli-host macrophage interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
2014World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbial imbalance and intestinal pathologies: connections and contributions.
2014Disease models & mechanisms
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of the intestinal microbiota and fecal transplantation in inflammatory bowel diseases.
2014Journal of digestive diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease.
2015Seminars in immunopathology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Macrophages Versus Escherichia coli: A Decisive Fight in Crohn's Disease.
2016Inflammatory bowel diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease.
2018Gut
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Proteobacteria: A Common Factor in Human Diseases.
2017BioMed research international
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Smoking and the intestinal microbiome.
2018Archives of microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Clinical Importance of Campylobacter concisus and Other Human Hosted Campylobacter Species.
2018Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Escherichia coli Pathobionts Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2019Clinical microbiology reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bacterial Dysbiosis and Translocation in Psoriasis Vulgaris.
2019Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Preventing Infections by Encapsulated Bacteria Through Vaccine Prophylaxis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2020Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Association between antibiotics and gut microbiome dysbiosis in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.
2021Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile Acid-Gut Microbiota Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside.
2021Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbial pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel diseases.
2022Microbial pathogenesis
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Is a Potential Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021Frontiers in nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lactobacillus and intestinal diseases: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
2022Microbiological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Alteration of the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2023Digestion
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Intestinal phages interact with bacteria and are involved in human diseases.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
2022World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Assessing the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapeutics: A Systematic Review.
2023Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Characterizing the Pathogenic Potential of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli.
2023EcoSal Plus
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and the Efficacy of Probiotics as Functional Foods.
2024Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of gut microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in inflammatory bowel disease through immune-mediated synergistic actions.
2024World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota mediated T cells regulation and autoimmune diseases.
2024Frontiers in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Disentangling the nutrition-microbiota liaison in inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Molecular aspects of medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease: parallels in gut physiology and microbiota.
2025Journal of bacteriology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Is the microbiome the answer to inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review.
2025Langenbeck's archives of surgery
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Biochemistry of Human Gut Microbiota: Related Diseases and Dietary Interactions.
2026Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.