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Proteobacteria

colorectal cancer

Proteobacteria looks like a credible signal in colorectal cancer, though some caution is still warranted.

Proteobacteria shows a strong literature footprint in colorectal cancer, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.

proteobacteria
Credibility score
100
Human translation
3/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
5/5
Credibility 100Human translation 3/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 5/5
Why this scores the way it does
  • strong central evidence base
  • dense review literature
  • substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
  • directionality and confounding still require curated review

Internal review flags

1 flags
review_heavy

Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.

Primary central evidence

44 papers
Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer.
2012
PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota disbiosis is associated with colorectal cancer.
2015
Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
2015
Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis harbor colonic biofilms containing tumorigenic bacteria.
2018
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Interaction between Host MicroRNAs and the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer.
2018
mSystems
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Shifts of Faecal Microbiota During Sporadic Colorectal Carcinogenesis.
2018
Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Enteric fungal microbiota dysbiosis and ecological alterations in colorectal cancer.
2019
Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota-stimulated cathepsin K secretion mediates TLR4-dependent M2 macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer.
2019
Cell death and differentiation
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Role of preoperative gut microbiota on colorectal anastomotic leakage: preliminary results.
2020
Updates in surgery
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Colorectal cancer diagnostic model utilizing metagenomic and metabolomic data of stool microbial extracellular vesicles.
2020
Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Study of the Relationship between Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Using 16SrRNA Sequencing.
2020
BioMed research international
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic pks+ E. coli.
2020
Nature
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Oral and Fecal Microbiota in Lynch Syndrome.
2020
Journal of clinical medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
A comprehensive analysis of the microbiota composition and gene expression in colorectal cancer.
2020
BMC microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial Characteristics of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy According to Pathologic Response.
2021
Cancer management and research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gilbert's Syndrome and the Gut Microbiota - Insights From the Case-Control BILIHEALTH Study.
2021
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Combined effects of host genetics and diet on human gut microbiota and incident disease in a single population cohort.
2022
Nature genetics
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome in Colorectal Cancer: Implication of Intestinal Metabolism for Tumorigenesis.
2022
Frontiers in physiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Disordered Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Tumor-Bearing Mice Altered Serum Metabolome Related to Fufangchangtai.
2022
Frontiers in pharmacology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota manipulation to increase macrophage IL-10 improves colitis and limits colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
2022
Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dysbiosis of human tumor microbiome and aberrant residence of Actinomyces in tumor-associated fibroblasts in young-onset colorectal cancer.
2022
Frontiers in immunology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The Association between Helicobacter pylori and Colorectal Neoplasia.
2023
Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Postoperative Probiotics Administration Attenuates Gastrointestinal Complications and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Caused by Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients.
2023
Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The microbiome types of colorectal tissue are potentially associated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
2023
Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Differences in tissue-associated bacteria between metastatic and non-metastatic colorectal cancer.
2023
Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal Microbiota and Associated Volatile Organic Compounds Distinguishing No-Adenoma from High-Risk Colon Adenoma Adults.
2023
Metabolites
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota during fecal stream diversion in patients with colorectal cancer.
2023
Gut pathogens
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal microbiota transplantation plus tislelizumab and fruquintinib in refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer: an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial (RENMIN-215).
2023
EClinicalMedicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Characterization of markers, functional properties, and microbiome composition in human gut-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles.
2023
Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Tolerance to colibactin correlates with homologous recombination proficiency and resistance to irinotecan in colorectal cancer cells.
2024
Cell reports. Medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Engineering tumor-colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 for detection and treatment of colorectal neoplasia.
2024
Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The colibactin-producing Escherichia coli alters the tumor microenvironment to immunosuppressive lipid overload facilitating colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance.
2024
Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
An Empirical Dietary Pattern Associated With the Gut Microbial Features in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk.
2024
Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Campylobacter jejuni-derived cytolethal distending toxin promotes colorectal cancer metastasis.
2024
Cell host & microbe
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Desulfovibrio vulgaris flagellin exacerbates colorectal cancer through activating LRRC19/TRAF6/TAK1 pathway.
2025
Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dysregulation of saliva and fecal microbiota as novel biomarkers of colorectal cancer.
2024
Frontiers in oncology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Resistant starch inhibits high-fat diet-induced oncogenic responses in the colon of C57BL/6 mice.
2025
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiome analysis of gut microbiota in patients with colorectal polyps and healthy individuals.
2025
Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Altered microbiota of rectal mucosa in rectal cancer patients.
2025
World journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Synthetic biology-driven induction of mature TLS formation enhances antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer.
2025
Science translational medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dual-responsive engineered bacteria with spatiotemporal controlled release of Cytolysin-A for oral management of colorectal cancer.
2025
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Integrative multi-omics deciphers the potential mechanism and microbial biomarkers for lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer.
2025
Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota relationship between breast, colorectal, and lung cancer types.
2025
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Identification and functional characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a novel intratumoral bacterium in colorectal cancer.
2026
BMC microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.

Supporting primary evidence

1 papers
Tumor-resident microbiota contributes to colorectal cancer liver metastasis by lactylation and immune modulation.
2024
Oncogene
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.

Preclinical supporting evidence

23 papers
Intestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota.
2012
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Campylobacter jejuni promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through the action of cytolethal distending toxin.
2019
Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The human gut bacterial genotoxin colibactin alkylates DNA.
2019
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Neohesperidin prevents colorectal tumorigenesis by altering the gut microbiota.
2019
Pharmacological research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Toll-like Receptor-6 Signaling Prevents Inflammation and Impacts Composition of the Microbiota During Inflammation-Induced Colorectal Cancer.
2020
Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) Alleviates Experimental Colitis in Mice by Gut Microbiota Regulation.
2020
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
mbImpute: an accurate and robust imputation method for microbiome data.
2021
Genome biology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Protective Role of Spermidine in Colitis and Colon Carcinogenesis.
2022
Gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microbiota-specific T follicular helper cells drive tertiary lymphoid structures and anti-tumor immunity against colorectal cancer.
2021
Immunity
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Characterization of the consensus mucosal microbiome of colorectal cancer.
2021
NAR cancer
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ganluyin ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
2022
Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A metagenomic assessment of gut microbiota in Indian colon cancer patients.
2022
Journal of cancer research and therapeutics
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Host and gut bacteria share metabolic pathways for anti-cancer drug metabolism.
2022
Nature microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Commensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolites.
2022
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Helicobacter pylori promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by deregulating intestinal immunity and inducing a mucus-degrading microbiota signature.
2023
Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effect of the β-glucan from Lentinus edodes on colitis-associated colorectal cancer and gut microbiota.
2023
Carbohydrate polymers
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Engineered bacteria detect tumor DNA.
2023
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effect of Extracelluar Vesicles Derived from Akkermansia muciniphila on Intestinal Barrier in Colitis Mice.
2023
Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Improved detection of colibactin-induced mutations by genotoxic E. coli in organoids and colorectal cancer.
2024
Cancer cell
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Inulin enhanced rifaximin-inhibited colon cancer pulmonary metastasis by flora-regulated bile acid pathway.
2024
International journal of biological macromolecules
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Colibactin-driven colon cancer requires adhesin-mediated epithelial binding.
2024
Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer through nano-selenium probiotic complexes and IL-32 modulation.
2025
Biomaterials
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lipid accumulation inhibition strategies alleviate Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colorectal cancer.
2025
Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.

Review supporting evidence

28 papers
Helicobacter pylori infection and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
2006
Helicobacter
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbial and viral pathogens in colorectal cancer.
2011
The Lancet. Oncology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbial imbalance and intestinal pathologies: connections and contributions.
2014
Disease models & mechanisms
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Helicobacter pylori and colorectal neoplasia: Is there a causal link?
2016
World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Role of the Microbiome in Gastrointestinal Cancer.
2016
Gastroenterology clinics of North America
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome-driven carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer: Models and mechanisms.
2017
Free radical biology & medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Contributions of the Interaction Between Dietary Protein and Gut Microbiota to Intestinal Health.
2017
Current protein & peptide science
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
STAT3 activation in infection and infection-associated cancer.
2017
Molecular and cellular endocrinology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Leveraging sequence-based faecal microbial community survey data to identify a composite biomarker for colorectal cancer.
2018
Gut
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
A Reasonable Diet Promotes Balance of Intestinal Microbiota: Prevention of Precolorectal Cancer.
2019
BioMed research international
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus.
2020
Gut
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiota Alterations in Precancerous Colon Lesions: A Systematic Review.
2021
Cancers
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Escherichia coli and Colorectal Cancer: Unfolding the Enigmatic Relationship.
2022
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lactobacillus and intestinal diseases: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
2022
Microbiological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Intestinal phages interact with bacteria and are involved in human diseases.
2022
Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
2022
World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Intestinal bacteria and colorectal cancer: etiology and treatment.
2023
Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Tumorigenesis or Development of Colorectal Cancer.
2023
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms.
2023
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Autophagy in colitis-associated colon cancer: exploring its potential role in reducing initiation and preventing IBD-Related CAC development.
2024
Autophagy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Influence of the bile acid/microbiota axis in ileal surgery: a systematic review.
2024
Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Prevalence and implications of pKs-positive Escherichia coli in colorectal cancer.
2024
Life sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on intestinal microbiota, immunity and colorectal cancer risk.
2024
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Postbiotic Properties of Butyrate in the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota: The Potential of Its Combination with Polyphenols and Dietary Fibers.
2024
International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Insights into the Two Most Common Cancers of Primitive Gut-Derived Structures and Their Microbial Connections.
2024
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Physiological drivers of pks+ E. coli in colorectal cancer.
2025
Trends in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Assessment of the relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and colorectal cancer.
2025
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota and chemoradiotherapy response in rectal cancer: Biomarker opportunities.
2025
Critical reviews in oncology/hematology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.