Reduced microbiome alpha diversity in young patients with ADHD.
2018PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
fulltoplow inflation risk
Proteobacteria
autism
Proteobacteria looks like a credible signal in autism, though some caution is still warranted.
Proteobacteria shows a strong literature footprint in autism, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
proteobacteria
Credibility score
67
Human translation
4/5
Reproducibility
4/5
Novelty
2/5
Actionability
5/5
Credibility 67Human translation 4/5Reproducibility 4/5Novelty 2/5Actionability 5/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- dense review literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- directionality and confounding still require curated review
Primary central evidence
20 papersGut Microbiota Features in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.
2018Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with and without Mental Regression is Associated with Changes in the Fecal Microbiota.
2019Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Correlation of Gut Microbiome Between ASD Children and Mothers and Potential Biomarkers for Risk Assessment.
2019Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Functional analysis of gut microbiota and immunoinflammation in children with autism spectrum disorders.
2019Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Biases in arginine codon usage correlate with genetic disease risk.
2020Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Treatment with the traditional Chinese medicine BuYang HuanWu Tang induces alterations that normalize the microbiome in ASD patients.
2020Bioscience of microbiota, food and health
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
2020Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Identifies Dysbiosis in Triplet Sibling with Gastrointestinal Symptoms and ASD.
2020Children (Basel, Switzerland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Bacteroides-dominant gut microbiome of late infancy is associated with enhanced neurodevelopment.
2021Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Alteration of the fecal microbiota in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder.
2022Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut Microbiota Ecology and Inferred Functions in Children With ASD Compared to Neurotypical Subjects.
2022Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Improvements in Gut Microbiome Composition and Clinical Symptoms Following Familial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Nineteen-Year-Old Adolescent With Severe Autism.
2024Journal of medical cases
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Metabolism in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Children: Implications for Sex-Based Differences and Metabolic Dysregulation.
2024International journal of molecular sciences
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorder and healthy siblings: A comparative study.
2024Experimental and therapeutic medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Turicibacter and Catenibacterium as potential biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders.
2024Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbial GABA imbalance emerges as a metabolic signature in mild autism spectrum disorder linked to overrepresented Escherichia.
2025Cell reports. Medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Age-Dependent Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Role of Key Bacterial Ratios.
2025Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota in children and adolescents with autism, ADHD and anorexia nervosa, and its link to the levels of satiety hormones.
2025Neuroscience
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Altered gut microbiota composition and feeding behaviours in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a comparative pilot study.
2025Annals of human biology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
1 papersMolecular characterisation of gastrointestinal microbiota of children with autism (with and without gastrointestinal dysfunction) and their neurotypical siblings.
2012Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
10 papersMucosal Prevalence and Interactions with the Epithelium Indicate Commensalism of Sutterella spp.
2016Frontiers in microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study.
2017Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The Influence of Food Intake Specificity in Children with Autism on Gut Microbiota.
2020International journal of molecular sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Cryptic prokaryotic promoters explain instability of recombinant neuronal sodium channels in bacteria.
2021The Journal of biological chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Evaluation of 16S rRNA primer sets for characterisation of microbiota in paediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder.
2021Scientific reports
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ketogenic and Low FODMAP Diet in Therapeutic Management of a Young Autistic Patient with Epilepsy and Dysmetabolism Poorly Responsive to Therapies: Clinical Response and Effects of Intestinal Microbiota.
2022International journal of molecular sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The mediating role of the gut microbiome in the association between ambient air pollution and autistic traits.
2022International journal of hygiene and environmental health
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Impact of Iron Deficiency on the Growth and Bioelectrical Profile of Different Gut Bacteria.
2025MicrobiologyOpen
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
3KO-NSCs ameliorate behavioral deficits and modulate gut microbiota in a VPA-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of autism.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Translocation of bacteria from the gut to the brain in mice.
2026PLoS biology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
15 papersAutism and gastrointestinal symptoms.
2002Current gastroenterology reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiology of regressive autism.
2012Anaerobe
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.
2013Shanghai archives of psychiatry
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Interplay between the Microbiota and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
2014Microbiology spectrum
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
An approach to gut microbiota profile in children with autism spectrum disorder.
2020Environmental microbiology reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Link Between Autism Spectrum Disorder And Gastrointestinal Microbiota.
2021Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis as a Key to Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Mini Review.
2021Journal of clinical medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications.
2022World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Ketogenic Diet: A Dietary Intervention via Gut Microbiome Modulation for the Treatment of Neurological and Nutritional Disorders (a Narrative Review).
2022Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Various Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders-An Evidence Mapping Based on Quantified Evidence.
2023Mediators of inflammation
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Systematic review: Autism spectrum disorder and the gut microbiota.
2023Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Once upon a Time Oral Microbiota: A Cinderella or a Protagonist in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
2023Metabolites
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Probiotics in autism spectrum disorder: Recent insights from animal models.
2024Autism : the international journal of research and practice
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Systematic Review: Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Gut Microbiota.
2024Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Potential similarities in gut microbiota composition between autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical siblings: Insights from a comprehensive meta-analysis.
2025Neuroscience
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.