preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
supportedtophigh inflation risk
Propionate production
crohn's disease
Propionate production has meaningful literature visibility in crohn's disease, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Propionate production shows a moderate evidence base in crohn's disease, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.
propionate_production
Credibility score
46
Human translation
2/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
2/5
Actionability
3/5
Credibility 46Human translation 2/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 2/5Actionability 3/5
Why this scores the way it does
- moderate central evidence base
- dense review literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
10 papersA decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis.
2014Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Treatment of Active Crohn's Disease With an Ordinary Food-based Diet That Replicates Exclusive Enteral Nutrition.
2019Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Inflammation associated ethanolamine facilitates infection by Crohn's disease-linked adherent-invasive Escherichia coli.
2019EBioMedicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Pivotal Roles for pH, Lactate, and Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria in the Stability of a Human Colonic Microbial Ecosystem.
2020mSystems
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Adherent-invasive E. coli metabolism of propanediol in Crohn's disease regulates phagocytes to drive intestinal inflammation.
2021Cell host & microbe
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dysbiosis and relapse-related microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: A shotgun metagenomic approach.
2021Computational and structural biotechnology journal
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The biogeography of the mucosa-associated microbiome in health and disease.
2024Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Novel cross-feeding human gut microbes metabolizing tryptophan to indole-3-propionate.
2025Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiome multi-omics analysis reveals novel biomarkers and mechanisms linked with CD etiopathology.
2025Biomarker research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Colorectal adenoma presence is associated with decreased menaquinone pathway functions in the gut microbiome of patients undergoing routine colonoscopy.
2026PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Preclinical supporting evidence
14 papersMICOM: Metagenome-Scale Modeling To Infer Metabolic Interactions in the Gut Microbiota.
2020mSystems
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Propionate Fermentative Genes of the Gut Microbiome Decrease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021Journal of clinical medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Differential Protective Effect of Resveratrol and Its Microbial Metabolites on Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction is Mediated by the AMPK Pathway.
2022Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The Pregnane X Receptor and Indole-3-Propionic Acid Shape the Intestinal Mesenchyme to Restrain Inflammation and Fibrosis.
2023Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyrate and propionate are microbial danger signals that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages upon TLR stimulation.
2024Cell reports
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Clostridium sporogenes-derived metabolites protect mice against colonic inflammation.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Propionate-producing engineered probiotics ameliorated murine ulcerative colitis by restoring anti-inflammatory macrophage via the GPR43/HDAC1/IL-10 axis.
2024Bioengineering & translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Rewiring Tryptophan Metabolism via Programmable Probiotic Integrated by Dual-Layered Microcapsule Protects against Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice.
2024ACS nano
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microbiota-derived IPA alleviates intestinal mucosal inflammation through upregulating Th1/Th17 cell apoptosis in inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through macrophage glycolipid metabolism.
2025International immunopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Propionate alleviated colitis by modulating iron homeostasis to inhibit ferroptosis and macrophage polarization.
2025International immunopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid drives mitochondrial respiration in CD4+ T cells to confer protection against intestinal inflammation.
2025Nature metabolism
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A next-generation probiotic strain for gut health: Bacteroides cellulosilyticus LYH2 variant with anti-inflammatory and metabolic advantages.
2026EBioMedicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Abundance-weighted pathway mapping demonstrates family-level structure of butyrate and propionate production across the human gut microbiome.
2026ISME communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
20 papersEffects of dietary fiber on inflammatory bowel disease.
2005Molecular nutrition & food research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GPCR, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
2017Journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The nutrition-gut microbiome-physiology axis and allergic diseases.
2017Immunological reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Beneficial actions of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites.
2018Neurogastroenterology and motility
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism.
2018Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lifestyle alters GUT-bacteria function: Linking immune response and host.
2017Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
METABOLIC DYSBIOSIS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS BIOMARKERS.
2016Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
2019Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: An overlooked therapy for IBD?
2021EBioMedicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Inulin as a functional ingredient and their applications in meat products.
2022Carbohydrate polymers
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Molecular interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the host.
2022Molecular microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites.
2023Seminars in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of microbiota short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
2023Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Roles of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2023Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Potential effects of nutrition-induced alteration of gut microbiota on inflammatory bowel disease: A review.
2024Journal of digestive diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Exploration of gut microbiome and inflammation: A review on key signalling pathways.
2024Cellular signalling
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Angiogenesis, a key point in the association of gut microbiota and its metabolites with disease.
2024European journal of medical research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The intestinal functions of PXR and CAR.
2025Pharmacological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Akkermansia muciniphila: A key player in gut microbiota-based disease modulation.
2025Microbiological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.