review_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
fulltopmoderate inflation risk
Escherichia coli
colorectal cancer
Escherichia coli looks like a credible signal in colorectal cancer, though some caution is still warranted.
Escherichia coli shows a strong literature footprint in colorectal cancer, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
escherichia_coli
Credibility score
79
Human translation
4/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
4/5
Credibility 79Human translation 4/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 4/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- meaningful supporting human literature
- dense review literature
Main caveats
- directionality and confounding still require curated review
Internal review flags
1 flagsPrimary central evidence
17 papersTumour-associated and non-tumour-associated microbiota: Addendum.
2018Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis harbor colonic biofilms containing tumorigenic bacteria.
2018Science (New York, N.Y.)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota-stimulated cathepsin K secretion mediates TLR4-dependent M2 macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer.
2019Cell death and differentiation
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic pks+ E. coli.
2020Nature
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut vascular barrier impairment leads to intestinal bacteria dissemination and colorectal cancer metastasis to liver.
2021Cancer cell
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Lactobacillus gallinarum modulates the gut microbiota and produces anti-cancer metabolites to protect against colorectal tumourigenesis.
2021Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota manipulation to increase macrophage IL-10 improves colitis and limits colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
2022Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Killing tumor-associated bacteria with a liposomal antibiotic generates neoantigens that induce anti-tumor immune responses.
2024Nature biotechnology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Tolerance to colibactin correlates with homologous recombination proficiency and resistance to irinotecan in colorectal cancer cells.
2024Cell reports. Medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Engineering tumor-colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 for detection and treatment of colorectal neoplasia.
2024Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The colibactin-producing Escherichia coli alters the tumor microenvironment to immunosuppressive lipid overload facilitating colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance.
2024Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic features of colorectal carcinomas with KRAS c.34G>T (p.G12C) mutation.
2024Cancer science
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
An Empirical Dietary Pattern Associated With the Gut Microbial Features in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk.
2024Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
TREM2 scFv-Engineering Escherichia coli Displaying Modulation of Macrophages to Boost Cancer Radio-Immunotherapy.
2025Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Expansion of a bacterial operon during cancer treatment ameliorates fluoropyrimidine toxicity.
2025Science translational medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Structural basis of Fusobacterium nucleatum adhesin Fap2 interaction with receptors on cancer and immune cells.
2025Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dual-responsive engineered bacteria with spatiotemporal controlled release of Cytolysin-A for oral management of colorectal cancer.
2025Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
3 papersThe gut microbiota and colon cancer.
2019Science (New York, N.Y.)
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
E. coli diversity: low in colorectal cancer.
2020BMC medical genomics
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Tumor-resident microbiota contributes to colorectal cancer liver metastasis by lactylation and immune modulation.
2024Oncogene
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
9 papersIntestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota.
2012Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The human gut bacterial genotoxin colibactin alkylates DNA.
2019Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Improved detection of colibactin-induced mutations by genotoxic E. coli in organoids and colorectal cancer.
2024Cancer cell
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Consistent signatures in the human gut microbiome of old- and young-onset colorectal cancer.
2024Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Association between gut microbiota and CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Colibactin-driven colon cancer requires adhesin-mediated epithelial binding.
2024Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer through nano-selenium probiotic complexes and IL-32 modulation.
2025Biomaterials
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
L-serine promotes pro-carcinogenic effects of colibactin-producing E. coli.
2025Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lipid accumulation inhibition strategies alleviate Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colorectal cancer.
2025Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
33 papersGut microbiota imbalance and colorectal cancer.
2016World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Colorectal Cancer.
2016Annual review of microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Colorectal Carcinoma: A General Overview and Future Perspectives in Colorectal Cancer.
2017International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Food, microbiome and colorectal cancer.
2018Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Colorectal carcinogenesis: an archetype of gut microbiota-host interaction.
2018Ecancermedicalscience
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
2019Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Four Horsemen in Colon Cancer.
2019Journal of oncology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Caffeine and its main targets of colorectal cancer.
2020World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gallstone Disease and Microbiome.
2020Microorganisms
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer.
2020Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Escherichia coli and Colorectal Cancer: Unfolding the Enigmatic Relationship.
2022Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Tumorigenic bacteria in colorectal cancer: mechanisms and treatments.
2021Cancer biology & medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gastrointestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion.
2021Clinical & experimental metastasis
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Carcinogenic microbiota and its role in colorectal cancer development.
2022Seminars in cancer biology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Colorectal cancer: the facts in the case of the microbiota.
2022The Journal of clinical investigation
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome and colorectal carcinogenesis: Linked mechanisms and racial differences.
2022World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Extracellular vesicles-mediated interaction within intestinal microenvironment in inflammatory bowel disease.
2022Journal of advanced research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Full-length recombinant antibodies from Escherichia coli: production, characterization, effector function (Fc) engineering, and clinical evaluation.
2022mAbs
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Intestinal phages interact with bacteria and are involved in human diseases.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
2022World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Role and Therapeutic Opportunities.
2023Cancers
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Intestinal bacteria and colorectal cancer: etiology and treatment.
2023Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Tumorigenesis or Development of Colorectal Cancer.
2023Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Autophagy in colitis-associated colon cancer: exploring its potential role in reducing initiation and preventing IBD-Related CAC development.
2024Autophagy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Phage therapy in gut microbiome.
2023Progress in molecular biology and translational science
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Escherichia coli on colorectal cancer: A two-edged sword.
2024Microbial biotechnology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Engineering immunity: bacterial delivery of cancer neoantigen vaccines.
2024Trends in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Genetics, genomics and clinical features of adenomatous polyposis.
2025Familial cancer
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer: A Balance Between Risk and Protection.
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Physiological drivers of pks+ E. coli in colorectal cancer.
2025Trends in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Emerging New Treatments for Colon Cancer.
2025Current medicinal chemistry
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of microbiome in cancer progression.
2025International review of cell and molecular biology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota and chemoradiotherapy response in rectal cancer: Biomarker opportunities.
2025Critical reviews in oncology/hematology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.