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supportedmidmoderate inflation risk

Candida

autism

Candida is an interesting but still moderate-confidence signal in autism.

Candida shows a moderate evidence base in autism, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.

candida
Credibility score
33
Human translation
4/5
Reproducibility
3/5
Novelty
3/5
Actionability
2/5
Credibility 33Human translation 4/5Reproducibility 3/5Novelty 3/5Actionability 2/5
Why this scores the way it does
  • moderate central evidence base
  • meaningful supporting human literature
Main caveats
  • directionality and confounding still require curated review

Primary central evidence

8 papers
A biochemical rationale for the interaction between gastrointestinal yeast and autism.
2012
Medical hypotheses
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Yeast Species Isolated from Stool Samples of Children with Suspected or Diagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorders and In Vitro Susceptibility Against Nystatin and Fluconazole.
2016
Mycopathologia
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Intestinal Dysbiosis and Yeast Isolation in Stool of Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
2017
Mycopathologia
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fungi: Friend or Foe? A Mycobiome Evaluation in Children With Autism and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.
2022
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The assessment of microbial infection in children with autism spectrum disorders and genetic folate cycle deficiency.
2024
BMC pediatrics
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Analysis of Gut Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Non-Autistic Siblings.
2024
Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Characterization of Yeast Isolated from the Gut Microbiota of Tunisian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
2024
Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Bimodal distribution of intestinal Candida in children with autism and its potential link with worse ASD symptoms.
2024
Gut microbes reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.

Supporting primary evidence

2 papers
Immunological characterization and transcription profiling of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD): case study.
2012
Journal of neuroinflammation
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Cytokine profiles by peripheral blood monocytes are associated with changes in behavioral symptoms following immune insults in a subset of ASD subjects: an inflammatory subtype?
2014
Journal of neuroinflammation
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.

Preclinical supporting evidence

3 papers
New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders.
2017
Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Anti-Candida albicans IgG Antibodies in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.
2018
Frontiers in psychiatry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Associations between Monocyte and T Cell Cytokine Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Effects of Dysregulated Innate Immune Responses on Adaptive Responses to Recall Antigens in a Subset of ASD Children.
2019
International journal of molecular sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.

Review supporting evidence

11 papers
Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part 2: medical management.
2002
Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Caprylic acid in the effective treatment of intractable medical problems of frequent urination, incontinence, chronic upper respiratory infection, root canalled tooth infection, ALS, etc., caused by asbestos & mixed infections of Candida albicans, Helicobacter pylori & cytomegalovirus with or without other microorganisms & mercury.
2011
Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
[Candida spp. in the gut microbiota of people with autism: a systematic review].
2019
Revista de neurologia
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Children with ASD.
2019
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
An approach to gut microbiota profile in children with autism spectrum disorder.
2020
Environmental microbiology reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Could Candida Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism?
2022
Journal of clinical medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future.
2023
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Might the fungus candida albicans a risk factor for autism? A meta-analysis study.
2023
African health sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut mycobiome and neuropsychiatric disorders: insights and therapeutic potential.
2024
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Nutritional Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review.
2025
Current nutrition reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, its risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
2026
The Lancet. Neurology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.