sparse_primary_supporting_bucket
Central evidence is high but primary supporting bucket is empty. Classification tiers may still be too coarse.
fulltoplow inflation risk
Butyrate production
ulcerative colitis
Butyrate production looks like a credible signal in ulcerative colitis, though some caution is still warranted.
Butyrate production shows a strong literature footprint in ulcerative colitis, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
butyrate_production
Credibility score
100
Human translation
3/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
5/5
Credibility 100Human translation 3/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 5/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- directionality and confounding still require curated review
Internal review flags
1 flagsPrimary central evidence
34 papersGerminated barley foodstuff feeding. A novel neutraceutical therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis.
2001Digestion
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Oligofructose and long-chain inulin: influence on the gut microbial ecology of rats associated with a human faecal flora.
2001The British journal of nutrition
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Treatment of ulcerative colitis by feeding with germinated barley foodstuff: first report of a multicenter open control trial.
2002Journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Germinated barley foodstuff prolongs remission in patients with ulcerative colitis.
2004International journal of molecular medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Starch-entrapped microspheres show a beneficial fermentation profile and decrease in potentially harmful bacteria during in vitro fermentation in faecal microbiota obtained from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2010The British journal of nutrition
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Decreased colonization of fecal Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale species from ulcerative colitis patients in an in vitro dynamic gut model with mucin environment.
2012FEMS microbiology ecology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet.
2014International journal of food sciences and nutrition
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis.
2014Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Specific immunotherapy ameliorates ulcerative colitis.
2016Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial shifts and signatures of long-term remission in ulcerative colitis after faecal microbiota transplantation.
2017The ISME journal
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Longitudinal microbiome analysis of single donor fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and/or ulcerative colitis.
2018PloS one
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Inulin-type fructans improve active ulcerative colitis associated with microbiota changes and increased short-chain fatty acids levels.
2019Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Markers of dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
2019Terapevticheskii arkhiv
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Mucin O-glycans facilitate symbiosynthesis to maintain gut immune homeostasis.
2019EBioMedicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Encapsulated cyclosporine does not change the composition of the human microbiota when assessed ex vivo and in vivo.
2020Journal of medical microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Bacillus coagulans SANK 70258 suppresses Enterobacteriaceae in the microbiota of ulcerative colitis in vitro and enhances butyrogenesis in healthy microbiota.
2020Applied microbiology and biotechnology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbiota changes induced by microencapsulated sodium butyrate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2020Neurogastroenterology and motility
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial Butyrate Synthesis Indicates Therapeutic Efficacy of Azathioprine in IBD Patients.
2021Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dynamic Colonization of Microbes and Their Functions after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021mBio
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Identification of gut microbiome and transcriptome changes in ulcerative colitis and pouchitis.
2022Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Composition and diverse differences of intestinal microbiota in ulcerative colitis patients.
2022Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Sodium butyrate treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation provide relief from ulcerative colitis-induced prostate enlargement.
2022Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
A Mediterranean Diet Pattern Improves Intestinal Inflammation Concomitant with Reshaping of the Bacteriome in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
2023Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial butyrate capacity is reduced in inflamed mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
2024Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Alleviating Pyroptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Restore Mucosal Integrity in Ulcerative Colitis by Targeting Delivery of 4-Octyl-Itaconate.
2024ACS nano
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Exploring the butyrate metabolism-related shared genes in metabolic associated steatohepatitis and ulcerative colitis.
2024Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Effects of short-chain fatty acid-butyrate supplementation on expression of circadian-clock genes, sleep quality, and inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
2024Lipids in health and disease
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Differential contributions of the gut microbiota and metabolome to pathomechanisms in ulcerative colitis: an in vitro analysis.
2024Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fenofibrate as an Adjunct Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: Targeting Inflammation via SIRT1, NLRP3, and AMPK Pathways: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.
2024Drug design, development and therapy
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Improvement of the inflammation-damaged intestinal barrier and modulation of the gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis after FMT in the SHIME® model.
2025BMC complementary medicine and therapies
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Combination of probiotics enhancing butyrogenesis in colonic microbiota model of patients with ulcerative colitis.
2025Applied microbiology and biotechnology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota-derived butyrate mediates the anticolitic effect of indigo supplementation through regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation.
2025iMeta
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Combining mucosal microbiome and host multi-omics data shows prognostic potential in paediatric ulcerative colitis.
2025Nature communications
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Butyrate absorption and lactate secretion in ulcerative colitis.
1995Diseases of the colon and rectum
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Preclinical supporting evidence
30 papersGerminated barley foodstuffs attenuate colonic mucosal damage and mucosal nuclear factor kappa B activity in a spontaneous colitis model.
1999Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dietary fiber fraction of germinated barley foodstuff attenuated mucosal damage and diarrhea, and accelerated the repair of the colonic mucosa in an experimental colitis.
2001Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Germinated barley foodstuff, a prebiotic product, ameliorates inflammation of colitis through modulation of the enteric environment.
2003Journal of gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Twin study indicates loss of interaction between microbiota and mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis.
2011Gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microbial butyrate and its role for barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract.
2012Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The microbial metabolite butyrate regulates intestinal macrophage function via histone deacetylase inhibition.
2014Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Microbiota fermentation-NLRP3 axis shapes the impact of dietary fibres on intestinal inflammation.
2019Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi polysaccharide ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota.
2021International journal of biological macromolecules
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
In Vivo Healthy Benefits of Galacto-Oligosaccharides from Lupinus albus (LA-GOS) in Butyrate Production through Intestinal Microbiota.
2021Biomolecules
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyl-fructooligosaccharides modulate gut microbiota in healthy mice and ameliorate ulcerative colitis in a DSS-induced model.
2022Food & function
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota-derived butyrate regulates gut mucus barrier repair by activating the macrophage/WNT/ERK signaling pathway.
2022Clinical science (London, England : 1979)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Taxifolin Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Acting on Gut Microbiome to Produce Butyric Acid.
2022Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Identifying disease-critical cell types and cellular processes by integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing and human genetics.
2022Nature genetics
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Effect of DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis and Butyrate on the Cytochrome P450 2A5: Contribution of the Microbiome.
2022International journal of molecular sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Fucoidan Ameliorated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism.
2022Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyrate ameliorated ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis through modulating Nrf2/GPX4 signal pathway and improving intestinal barrier.
2024Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide alleviates DSS-induced chronic ulcerative colitis by restoring intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota.
2023Annals of medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A tailored series of engineered yeasts for the cell-dependent treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by rational butyrate supplementation.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Stachyose Exerts Anticolitis Efficacy by Re-balancing Treg/Th17 and Activating the Butyrate-Derived PPARγ Signaling Pathway.
2024Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Arbutin alleviates intestinal colitis by regulating neutrophil extracellular traps formation and microbiota composition.
2024Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Enhancing recovery from gut microbiome dysbiosis and alleviating DSS-induced colitis in mice with a consortium of rare short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide alleviates ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and SCFA/GPR/NLRP3 pathway.
2025Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyrate Inhibits the HDAC8/NF-κB Pathway to Enhance Slc26a3 Expression and Improve the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier to Relieve Colitis.
2024Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Sishen Pill & Tongxieyaofang ameliorated ulcerative colitis through the activation of HIF-1α acetylation by gut microbiota-derived propionate and butyrate.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Sodium butyrate regulates macrophage polarization by TGR5/β-arrestin2 in vitro.
2025Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Sea buckthorn berries alleviate ulcerative colitis via regulating gut Faecalibaculum rodentium-mediated butyrate biosynthesis.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Sodium butyrate alleviates DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting ferroptosis and modulating ERK/STAT3 signaling and intestinal flora.
2025Annals of medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Anemoside B4 alleviates ulcerative colitis by attenuating intestinal oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome via activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor through remodeling the gut microbiome and metabolites.
2025Redox biology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyrate ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by facilitating autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and modulating the gut microbiota through blocking the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
2025PloS one
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dihydroartemisinin alleviates ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and butyrate to restore Treg/Th17 balance and intestinal barrier function.
2026International immunopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
7 papersA new prebiotic from germinated barley for nutraceutical treatment of ulcerative colitis.
2002Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
2019Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate and Its Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review.
2023Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Transfer of faeces in ulcerative colitis 2: improving efficacy - study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (TURN2 study).
2026BMJ open
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Nutrition and ulcerative colitis.
1997Bailliere's clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Colonic sulfide in pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.
1997Digestive diseases and sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.