review_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
supportedtopmoderate inflation risk
Butyrate production
autism
Butyrate production is an interesting but still moderate-confidence signal in autism.
Butyrate production shows a moderate evidence base in autism, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.
butyrate_production
Credibility score
53
Human translation
3/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
2/5
Actionability
3/5
Credibility 53Human translation 3/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 2/5Actionability 3/5
Why this scores the way it does
- moderate central evidence base
- dense review literature
Main caveats
- retrieval noise or disease-specificity issues may remain
Internal review flags
1 flagsPrimary central evidence
13 papersAnalysis of gut microbiota profiles and microbe-disease associations in children with autism spectrum disorders in China.
2018Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut Microbiota Features in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.
2018Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Altered gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder.
2019Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharide intervention modulate the microbiota-gut brain axis to improve autism spectrum reducing also the hyper-serotonergic state and the dopamine metabolism disorder.
2020Pharmacological research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The Gut Microbiota and Associated Metabolites Are Altered in Sleep Disorder of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.
2020Frontiers in psychiatry
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
[Diversity and functional prediction of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder].
2022Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Altered Gut Microbiota as Potential Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Early Childhood.
2023Neuroscience
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Ketogenic Diet Induced Shifts in the Gut Microbiome Associate with Changes to Inflammatory Cytokines and Brain-Related miRNAs in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
2024Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Investigating brain-gut microbiota dynamics and inflammatory processes in an autistic-like rat model using MRI biomarkers during childhood and adolescence.
2024NeuroImage
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Lactobacillus reuteri or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention facilitates gut barrier function, decreases corticosterone and ameliorates social behavior in LPS-exposed offspring.
2024Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbial GABA imbalance emerges as a metabolic signature in mild autism spectrum disorder linked to overrepresented Escherichia.
2025Cell reports. Medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Synbiotics of encapsulated Limosilactobacillus fermentum K73 promotes in vitro favorable gut microbiota shifts and enhances short-chain fatty acid production in fecal samples of children with autism spectrum disorder.
2025Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota composition and phylogenetic analysis in autism spectrum disorder: a comparative study.
2025Frontiers in psychiatry
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
1 papersGlial KCNQ K+ channels control neuronal output by regulating GABA release from glia in C. elegans.
2024Neuron
Human primary paper with plausible association relevance to the disease context.
Preclinical supporting evidence
8 papersAltered gut microbiota and activity in a murine model of autism spectrum disorders.
2014Brain, behavior, and immunity
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dysbiotic Gut Microbiota and Dysregulation of Cytokine Profile in Children and Teens With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
2021Frontiers in neuroscience
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Mouse and human share conserved transcriptional programs for interneuron development.
2021Science (New York, N.Y.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Haploinsufficiency underlies the neurodevelopmental consequences of SLC6A1 variants.
2024American journal of human genetics
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota and brain-resident CD4+ T cells shape behavioral outcomes in autism spectrum disorder.
2025Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The identification of metabolites from gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder via network pharmacology.
2025Scientific reports
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes From the PREVeNT Trial.
2025Pediatric neurology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Neurometabolic profiles of autism spectrum disorder patients with genetic variants in specific neurotransmission and synaptic genes.
2025Scientific reports
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
22 papersToward a developmental neurobiology of autism.
2004Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Decreased left perisylvian GABA concentration in children with autism and unaffected siblings.
2014NeuroImage
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Pediatric Insomnia.
2016Chest
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut.
2016Frontiers in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease.
2017Gastroenterology clinics of North America
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
METABOLIC DYSBIOSIS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS BIOMARKERS.
2016Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut-Amygdala Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developmental Roles via regulating Mitochondria, Exosomes, Immunity and microRNAs.
2019Current pharmaceutical design
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: An Update.
2020Cells
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Infantile Spasms: Outcome in Clinical Studies.
2020Pediatric neurology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiome-mediated epigenetic regulation of brain disorder and application of machine learning for multi-omics data analysis.
2021Genome
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Influence of glutamate and GABA transport on brain excitatory/inhibitory balance.
2021Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders.
2021Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Psychobehavioural and Cognitive Adverse Events of Anti-Seizure Medications for the Treatment of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
2022CNS drugs
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Once upon a Time Oral Microbiota: A Cinderella or a Protagonist in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
2023Metabolites
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Oxytocin, GABA, and dopamine interplay in autism.
2024Endocrine regulations
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Neurometabolite differences in Autism as assessed with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2024Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Oral Implications, and Oral Microbiota.
2025Children (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Beyond the Gut: Unveiling Butyrate's Global Health Impact Through Gut Health and Dysbiosis-Related Conditions: A Narrative Review.
2025Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Perturbations in gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.
2025Frontiers in neuroscience
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Mechanistic Links Between Gut Dysbiosis, Insulin Resistance, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The microbiota-brain connection in neurological diseases: the ubiquitous short-chain fatty acids.
2025Minerva gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Short-chain fatty acids, neuroinflammation, and autism spectrum disorders: A mechanistic systematic review.
2026Journal of neuroimmunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.