preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
supportedtophigh inflation risk
Bile acid metabolism
inflammatory bowel disease
Bile acid metabolism has meaningful literature visibility in inflammatory bowel disease, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Bile acid metabolism shows a moderate evidence base in inflammatory bowel disease, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.
bile_acid_metabolism
Credibility score
67
Human translation
1/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
2/5
Credibility 67Human translation 1/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 2/5
Why this scores the way it does
- moderate central evidence base
- dense review literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
- review density exceeds central evidence depth
- retrieval noise or disease-specificity issues may remain
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
8 papersInteractions between Diet, Bile Acid Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
2015Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
2019Nature microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Chronic Diarrhea in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis.
2020American family physician
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
A bacterial bile acid metabolite modulates Treg activity through the nuclear hormone receptor NR4A1.
2021Cell host & microbe
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Human gut bacteria produce ΤΗ17-modulating bile acid metabolites.
2022Nature
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Faecal metabolome and its determinants in inflammatory bowel disease.
2023Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Panax notoginseng Saponins Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Alteration of Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Metabolism.
2025The American journal of Chinese medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal microbiota transplantation improves bile acid malabsorption in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results of microbiota and metabolites from two cohort studies.
2025BMC medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Preclinical supporting evidence
21 papersDiet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.
2014Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Systematic assessment of secondary bile acid metabolism in gut microbes reveals distinct metabolic capabilities in inflammatory bowel disease.
2019Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
A Pilot Integrative Analysis of Colonic Gene Expression, Gut Microbiota, and Immune Infiltration in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Association of Disease With Bile Acid Pathways.
2020Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dysbiosis-Induced Secondary Bile Acid Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation.
2020Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut Dysbiosis and Abnormal Bile Acid Metabolism in Colitis-Associated Cancer.
2021Gastroenterology research and practice
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates hepatic fibrosis potentially via modulating intestinal bile acid metabolism and hepatocyte pyroptosis in male mice.
2023Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Colitis ameliorates cholestatic liver disease via suppression of bile acid synthesis.
2023Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota-related bile acid metabolism-FXR/TGR5 axis impacts the response to anti-α4β7-integrin therapy in humanized mice with colitis.
2023Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Insulin alleviates murine colitis through microbiome alterations and bile acid metabolism.
2023Journal of translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Plasma bile acids in association with Crohn's disease.
2024Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Sedanolide alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating the intestinal FXR-SMPD3 pathway in mice.
2025Journal of advanced research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Depletion of key gut bacteria predicts disrupted bile acid metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Microbiology spectrum
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut bacteria Prevotellaceae related lithocholic acid metabolism promotes colonic inflammation.
2025Journal of translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
IsoalloLCA-intervened regulatory T cell exosomes alleviate inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting NF-κB-associated inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells.
2025International immunopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Balance between bile acid conjugation and hydrolysis activity can alter outcomes of gut inflammation.
2025Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Epiberberine ameliorates ulcerative colitis by regulating bile acids hepatoenteral circulation through intestinal FXR.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Magnoflorine alleviates colitis-induced anxiety-like behaviors by regulating gut microbiota and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
2025Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Honeysuckle-Derived Nanovesicles Regulate Gut Microbiota for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2025Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Disruption of Bile Acid Metabolism in the Gut-Liver Axis Predisposes Mice to Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2025MedComm
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ruminococcus torques ameliorates the inflammation bowel disease and gut barrier dysfunction by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
2025Journal of translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota-based bile acid metabolism mediates the intestinal barrier protection of Phellodendri chinensis Cortex polysaccharide against ulcerative colitis.
2026Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
48 papersGut-liver axis.
2000International journal of colorectal disease
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease.
2017Molecular aspects of medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis - a comprehensive review.
2017Journal of hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
2018Lancet (London, England)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Thirty Years of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: A Review.
2019Journal of clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases.
2019Nature
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal Permeability: A Review.
2020Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease.
2020Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Emerging therapies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: pathophysiological basis and clinical opportunities.
2020Journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
You Are What You Eat-The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders-A Review.
2020Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Function and Role of the Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2020Journal of immunology research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Alterations in Bile Acid Metabolism Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021Inflammatory bowel diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Review: microbial transformations of human bile acids.
2021Microbiome
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs.
2021Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives.
2021Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile Acid-Gut Microbiota Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside.
2021Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiome-Mediated Immune Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Support From Meta-omics Data.
2021Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Emerging Role of Bile Acids in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2022Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota-derived bile acids in intestinal immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis.
2022Cell host & microbe
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The human microbiome in disease and pathology.
2022APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids.
2022International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2022Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Anthocyanins-gut microbiota-health axis: A review.
2024Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Recent Advances in the Management of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
2023Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Crohn's disease: Why the ileum?
2023World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile acids and their receptors: Potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease.
2023World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Underpinning Pathogenesis and Therapeutics.
2023Digestive diseases and sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Novel approaches in IBD therapy: targeting the gut microbiota-bile acid axis.
2024Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Untargeted faecal metabolomics for the discovery of biomarkers and treatment targets for inflammatory bowel diseases.
2024Gut
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
PSC and colitis: A complex relationship.
2025Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Advances in dietary polyphenols: Regulation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via bile acid metabolism and the gut-brain axis.
2025Food chemistry
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
2025Nature reviews. Disease primers
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Unique clinical, morphological, and molecular characteristics of tumors associated with PSC-IBD.
2025Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Serves as a Crucial Independent Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The functions of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in intestinal immunity.
2026Journal of advanced research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The intestinal functions of PXR and CAR.
2025Pharmacological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
2025Seminars in liver disease
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The role of plant-based dietary compounds in gut microbiota modulation in inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Frontiers in nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gut microbiota-bile acid axis: a crucial regulator of immune function and metabolic health.
2025World journal of microbiology & biotechnology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile acid receptors regulate the role of intestinal macrophages in inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review).
2025International journal of molecular medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lithocholic Acid Species: Metabolism, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Significance in Enterohepatic Diseases.
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Microbiota-Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism as a Mechanistic Framework for Precision Nutrition in Gastrointestinal and Metabolic Diseases.
2025Cells
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Chronic, Noninfectious Diarrhea: A Review.
2026JAMA
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role and progression of bile acid metabolism in mediating Th17/Treg homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease.
2026iScience
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.