preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
supportedtophigh inflation risk
Bile acid metabolism
crohn's disease
Bile acid metabolism has meaningful literature visibility in crohn's disease, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Bile acid metabolism shows a moderate evidence base in crohn's disease, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.
bile_acid_metabolism
Credibility score
74
Human translation
1/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
3/5
Credibility 74Human translation 1/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 3/5
Why this scores the way it does
- moderate central evidence base
- dense review literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
- retrieval noise or disease-specificity issues may remain
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
10 papersInteractions between Diet, Bile Acid Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
2015Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
2019Nature microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Multi-omics reveal microbial determinants impacting responses to biologic therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.
2021Cell host & microbe
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Co-occurrence of gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acid metabolism alteration is associated with psychological disorders in Crohn's disease.
2022FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
The impact of exclusive enteral nutrition on the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism in pediatric Crohn's disease.
2023Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Faecal metabolome and its determinants in inflammatory bowel disease.
2023Gut
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Bile acid metabolism in patients with Crohn's disease in terminal ileum.
1986Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Microbial-derived bile acid reverses inflammation in IBD via GPBAR1 agonism and RORγt inverse agonism.
2024Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Mutational Analysis of Bile Cell-Free DNA in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Pilot Study.
2025Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Panax notoginseng Saponins Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Alteration of Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Metabolism.
2025The American journal of Chinese medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Preclinical supporting evidence
24 papersDiet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.
2014Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Chemoproteomic Profiling of Gut Microbiota-Associated Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity.
2019ACS central science
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dysbiosis-Induced Secondary Bile Acid Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation.
2020Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dihydromyricetin improves DSS-induced colitis in mice via modulation of fecal-bacteria-related bile acid metabolism.
2021Pharmacological research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates hepatic fibrosis potentially via modulating intestinal bile acid metabolism and hepatocyte pyroptosis in male mice.
2023Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Maternal Western diet mediates susceptibility of offspring to Crohn's-like colitis by deoxycholate generation.
2023Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Colitis ameliorates cholestatic liver disease via suppression of bile acid synthesis.
2023Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota-related bile acid metabolism-FXR/TGR5 axis impacts the response to anti-α4β7-integrin therapy in humanized mice with colitis.
2023Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Reverse metabolomics for the discovery of chemical structures from humans.
2024Nature
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Crohn's Disease-Associated Pathogenic Mutation in the Manganese Transporter ZIP8 Shifts the Ileal and Rectal Mucosal Microbiota Implicating Aberrant Bile Acid Metabolism.
2024Inflammatory bowel diseases
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Integrated multi-omics reveal gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism alteration regulating immunotherapy responses to anti-α4β7-integrin in Crohn's disease.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Sedanolide alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating the intestinal FXR-SMPD3 pathway in mice.
2025Journal of advanced research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Systematic identification of secondary bile acid production genes in global microbiome.
2025mSystems
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut bacteria Prevotellaceae related lithocholic acid metabolism promotes colonic inflammation.
2025Journal of translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
IsoalloLCA-intervened regulatory T cell exosomes alleviate inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting NF-κB-associated inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells.
2025International immunopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Balance between bile acid conjugation and hydrolysis activity can alter outcomes of gut inflammation.
2025Nature communications
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Epiberberine ameliorates ulcerative colitis by regulating bile acids hepatoenteral circulation through intestinal FXR.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Magnoflorine alleviates colitis-induced anxiety-like behaviors by regulating gut microbiota and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
2025Microbiome
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Veillonella intestinal colonization promotes C. difficile infection in Crohn's disease.
2025Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Oat Avenanthramide-C Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis Through Regulating Intestinal Immune Activity and Gut Microbiota in Mice.
2025Molecular nutrition & food research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Honeysuckle-Derived Nanovesicles Regulate Gut Microbiota for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2025Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Disruption of Bile Acid Metabolism in the Gut-Liver Axis Predisposes Mice to Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2025MedComm
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ruminococcus torques ameliorates the inflammation bowel disease and gut barrier dysfunction by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
2025Journal of translational medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota-based bile acid metabolism mediates the intestinal barrier protection of Phellodendri chinensis Cortex polysaccharide against ulcerative colitis.
2026Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
50 papersHepatobiliary complications of inflammatory bowel disease.
2011Current gastroenterology reports
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile Acid Modifications at the Microbe-Host Interface: Potential for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Interventions in Host Health.
2016Annual review of food science and technology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota.
2017Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lipid and Bile Acid Dysmetabolism in Crohn's Disease.
2018Journal of immunology research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Thirty Years of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: A Review.
2019Journal of clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Hepatic Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2019Clinics in liver disease
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases.
2019Nature
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Enteric hyperoxaluria: role of microbiota and antibiotics.
2019Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal Permeability: A Review.
2020Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Bile Acid Diarrhea.
2020Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease.
2020Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Emerging therapies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: pathophysiological basis and clinical opportunities.
2020Journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
You Are What You Eat-The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders-A Review.
2020Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Metabolomic Analysis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
2021Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The Function and Role of the Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2020Journal of immunology research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Alterations in Bile Acid Metabolism Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2021Inflammatory bowel diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Review: microbial transformations of human bile acids.
2021Microbiome
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs.
2021Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile Acid-Gut Microbiota Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside.
2021Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
PSC associated inflammatory bowel disease: a distinct entity.
2022Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiota-derived bile acids in intestinal immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis.
2022Cell host & microbe
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The human microbiome in disease and pathology.
2022APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Molecular interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the host.
2022Molecular microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbial metabolome in inflammatory bowel disease: From association to therapeutic perspectives.
2022Computational and structural biotechnology journal
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Faecal Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
2022Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Usefulness of colestimide for diarrhea in postoperative Crohn's disease.
2022JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids.
2022International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2022Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile acids as inflammatory mediators and modulators of intestinal permeability.
2022Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Anthocyanins-gut microbiota-health axis: A review.
2024Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Crohn's disease: Why the ileum?
2023World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases.
2023Cells
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
An update on dietary therapies in paediatric Crohn's disease.
2024Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Novel approaches in IBD therapy: targeting the gut microbiota-bile acid axis.
2024Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Untargeted faecal metabolomics for the discovery of biomarkers and treatment targets for inflammatory bowel diseases.
2024Gut
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
2025Nature reviews. Disease primers
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Unique clinical, morphological, and molecular characteristics of tumors associated with PSC-IBD.
2025Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Serves as a Crucial Independent Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bibliometric analysis of research trends and prospective directions of Akkermansia muciniphila from 2010 to 2024.
2025Frontiers in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The functions of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in intestinal immunity.
2026Journal of advanced research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The intestinal functions of PXR and CAR.
2025Pharmacological research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The gut microbiota-bile acid axis: a crucial regulator of immune function and metabolic health.
2025World journal of microbiology & biotechnology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review).
2025International journal of molecular medicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Unveiling the gut-liver axis: the behind-the-scenes "manipulator" of human immune function.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lithocholic Acid Species: Metabolism, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Significance in Enterohepatic Diseases.
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The molecular interplay between the gut microbiome and circadian rhythms: an integrated review.
2025Frontiers in microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Drug therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
1983Pharmacotherapy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lactulose--a multifaceted substance.
1997Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.