preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
fulltophigh inflation risk
Alpha diversity
ulcerative colitis
Alpha diversity has meaningful literature visibility in ulcerative colitis, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Alpha diversity shows a strong literature footprint in ulcerative colitis, with substantial central evidence and broader supporting literature.
alpha_diversity
Credibility score
100
Human translation
2/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
1/5
Actionability
5/5
Credibility 100Human translation 2/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 1/5Actionability 5/5
Why this scores the way it does
- strong central evidence base
- dense review literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
30 papersAdalimumab induces and maintains clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.
2012Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.
2014Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Characterization of Intestinal Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Patients with and without Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
2016Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbial and metabolomic profiles after fecal microbiota transplantation in pediatric ulcerative colitis patients.
2018FEMS microbiology ecology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Markers of dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
2019Terapevticheskii arkhiv
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Cyclosporine modulates neutrophil functions via the SIRT6-HIF-1α-glycolysis axis to alleviate severe ulcerative colitis.
2021Clinical and translational medicine
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Relationship between clinical features and intestinal microbiota in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis.
2021World journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Remission.
2022Microbiology spectrum
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut Microbiota Associated with Clinical Relapse in Patients with Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis.
2022Microorganisms
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Polyphenols and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Red Wine Consumption on Gut and Oral Microbiome in Active-Phase Patients.
2022Molecular nutrition & food research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Ulcerative Colitis Seems to Imply Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis.
2022Current issues in molecular biology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Changes in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Clostridioides difficile Infection.
2022Frontiers in microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Composition and diverse differences of intestinal microbiota in ulcerative colitis patients.
2022Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Intercontinental Gut Microbiome Variances in IBD.
2022International journal of molecular sciences
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
DNA sensor-associated type I interferon signaling is increased in ulcerative colitis and induces JAK-dependent inflammatory cell death in colonic organoids.
2022American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Novel mRNA Signature for Anti-TNF-α Therapy Primary Response in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.
2023Inflammatory bowel diseases
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Cytomegalovirus reactivation in ulcerative colitis patients: Early indicators.
2023Nigerian journal of clinical practice
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
LINC00641/miR-378a and Their Cross-Talk with TNF-α/IFN-γ as Potential Biomarkers in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Diseases.
2023Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Altered Bile Acid and Pouch Microbiota Composition in Patients With Chronic Pouchitis.
2024Inflammatory bowel diseases
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota signatures in inflammatory bowel disease.
2024United European gastroenterology journal
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Screening and experimental validation of diagnostic gene in ulcerative colitis with anti-TNF-α therapy.
2024IUBMB life
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Gut microbiota predicts the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in Saudi children.
2024World journal of clinical pediatrics
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Higher alpha diversity and Lactobacillus blooms are associated with better engraftment after fecal microbiota transplant in inflammatory bowel disease.
2024Scientific reports
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fenofibrate as an Adjunct Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: Targeting Inflammation via SIRT1, NLRP3, and AMPK Pathways: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.
2024Drug design, development and therapy
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for vancomycin-resistant Clostridium innocuum infection in inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study evaluating safety and clinical and microbiota outcome.
2025Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Characterization of the salivary microbiome of adults with inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Journal of oral microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Reduced Sulfur Diet Reshapes the Microbiome and Metabolome in Mild-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis.
2025International journal of molecular sciences
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Long-term arsenic exposure perturbs gut microbial diversity, composition and predicts metabolic dysregulation.
2025Journal of hazardous materials
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Distinct microbiota composition and dendritic cell activation in the appendix microenvironment of ulcerative colitis patients.
2025Gut microbes
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Optimising carotegrast methyl use in ulcerative colitis: patient profiling, predictive biomarkers, and timing of efficacy evaluation (ASPECT study).
2025Journal of gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Supporting primary evidence
1 papersHigher alpha diversity and Lactobacillus blooms are associated with better engraftment after Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2023medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
Relevant preprint retained as supporting evidence, not central evidence.
Preclinical supporting evidence
51 papersMucosal Barrier Depletion and Loss of Bacterial Diversity are Primary Abnormalities in Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis.
2016Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The safety of vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
2017Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Comparison of the microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed sites in patients with ulcerative colitis.
2018Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiome diversity in acute severe colitis is distinct from mild to moderate ulcerative colitis.
2021Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
ESRRA (estrogen related receptor alpha) is a critical regulator of intestinal homeostasis through activation of autophagic flux via gut microbiota.
2021Autophagy
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Cross-Talk Between Butyric Acid and Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.
2021Frontiers in microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Kaempferol Alleviates Murine Experimental Colitis by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Axis.
2021Frontiers in immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Microbiota and Attenuate Inflammatory in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice.
2021Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Protective Role of Spermidine in Colitis and Colon Carcinogenesis.
2022Gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Anti-inflammatory effect of Rhein on ulcerative colitis via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota.
2022Phytotherapy research : PTR
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Taxifolin Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Acting on Gut Microbiome to Produce Butyric Acid.
2022Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
16S rRNA and metagenomic shotgun sequencing data revealed consistent patterns of gut microbiome signature in pediatric ulcerative colitis.
2022Scientific reports
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides alleviate colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier in mice.
2022Food chemistry: X
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Immune Infiltration of Ulcerative Colitis and Detection of the m6A Subtype.
2022Journal of immunology research
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Examination of Abnormal Alpha-synuclein Aggregates in the Enteric Neural Plexus in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.
2022Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
NOX1 is essential for TNFα-induced intestinal epithelial ROS secretion and inhibits M cell signatures.
2023Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum HNU082) Supplementation Relieves Ulcerative Colitis by Affecting Intestinal Barrier Functions, Immunity-Related Gene Expression, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Pathways in Mice.
2022Microbiology spectrum
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Deferasirox alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis and improving intestinal microbiota.
2023Life sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BW2013 protects mucosal integrity and modulates gut microbiota of mice with colitis.
2023Canadian journal of microbiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Herba Origani alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through remolding gut microbiota to regulate bile acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolisms.
2023Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
CLUH functions as a negative regulator of inflammation in human macrophages and determines ulcerative colitis pathogenesis.
2023JCI insight
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Reduced abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota of ulcerative colitis patients.
2023Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Disruption of CerS6-mediated sphingolipid metabolism by FTO deficiency aggravates ulcerative colitis.
2024Gut
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lonicera caerulea Pomace Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis via Intestinal Barrier Improvement and Gut Microbiota Modulation.
2023Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide alleviates DSS-induced chronic ulcerative colitis by restoring intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota.
2023Annals of medicine
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis in Obese Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota-Lipid Metabolism-Th1/Th2/Th17 Cells Axis.
2023Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Banxia Xiexin decoction modulates gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolism to alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis.
2024Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Resveratrol ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by acting on mouse gut microbiota.
2024Inflammopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Milk-derived extracellular vesicles functionalized with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α nanobody and anti-microbial peptide alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice.
2024Journal of extracellular vesicles
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lactobacillus plantarum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Macrophage Polarization and Gut Homeostasis for Alleviating Ulcerative Colitis.
2024Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Shenling Baizhu Decoction treats ulcerative colitis of spleen-deficiency and dampness obstruction types by targeting 'gut microbiota and galactose metabolism-bone marrow' axis.
2024Journal of ethnopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Hesperetin Alleviated Experimental Colitis via Regulating Ferroptosis and Gut Microbiota.
2024Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Enhancing recovery from gut microbiome dysbiosis and alleviating DSS-induced colitis in mice with a consortium of rare short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Functional Ginger-Derived Extracellular Vesicles-Coated ZIF-8 Containing TNF-α siRNA for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy by Modulating Gut Microbiota.
2024ACS applied materials & interfaces
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Characteristics of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Patients with 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Intolerance.
2024Biomedicines
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Predictors of the efficacy of vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis.
2024Nagoya journal of medical science
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Establishment of an ulcerative colitis model using colon organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
2024iScience
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Ganjiang Huangqin Huanglian Renshen Decoction protects against ulcerative colitis by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota.
2024Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The Gut Microbiota Affects Anti-TNF Responsiveness by Activating the NAD+ Salvage Pathway in Ulcerative Colitis.
2025Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Oral administration of Folium Artemisiae Argyi-derived exosome-like nanovesicles can improve ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal microorganisms.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Real-world of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in mitigation of acute experimental colitis.
2025Journal of nanobiotechnology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Camel Milk Protein Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid Metabolism.
2025Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Real-world effectiveness of ustekinumab versus anti-TNF or vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis: induction and 12-month maintenance results from the prospective, observational RUN-UC study.
2025Journal of Crohn's & colitis
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Decreased Fecal Nicotinamide and Increased Bacterial Nicotinamidase Gene Expression in Ulcerative Colitis Patients.
2025Inflammatory bowel diseases
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Atractylodes macrocephala-derived extracellular vesicles-like particles enhance the recovery of ulcerative colitis by remodeling intestinal microecological balance.
2025Journal of nanobiotechnology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiome promotes succinate-induced ulcerative colitis by enhancing glycolysis through SUCNR1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
2025American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Nobiletin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Mediates HIF-1α to Alleviate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.
2025Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
HIF-1α alleviates ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis by regulation of GPX4.
2025Cell death & disease
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Tongxie Yaofang attenuates ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and IL-10RA/NF-κB-mediated macrophage polarization.
2025Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dextran sodium sulfate confounds causal role of periodontitis in inflammatory bowel disease.
2025Journal of periodontology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Dahuang gancao dandelion decoction regulates intestinal flora and inhibits NF-κB/ARA signaling pathway to alleviate ulcerative colitis.
2025Frontiers in immunology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
23 papersAdalimumab in ulcerative colitis: hypes and hopes.
2011Expert opinion on biological therapy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Immunosuppressive and biologic therapy for ulcerative colitis.
2012Expert opinion on emerging drugs
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
2016Gastroenterologia y hepatologia
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Surgical Outcomes in Vedolizumab-Treated Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.
2017Inflammatory bowel diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis.
2019Disease-a-month : DM
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
New insights into the interplay between autophagy, gut microbiota and inflammatory responses in IBD.
2020Autophagy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Positioning Therapies in Ulcerative Colitis.
2020Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Cytomegalovirus Infections in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Based on Clinical and Basic Research Data.
2020International journal of molecular sciences
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The influence of cytokines on the complex pathology of ulcerative colitis.
2022Autoimmunity reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Systematic review of donor and recipient predictive biomarkers of response to faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis.
2022EBioMedicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Searching for a Consensus Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Studies: A Systematic Meta-Analysis.
2023Inflammatory bowel diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
A Matching Strategy To Guide Donor Selection for Ulcerative Colitis in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Meta-Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process.
2023Microbiology spectrum
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Assessing the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapeutics: A Systematic Review.
2023Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives.
2023World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut microbiome, metabolome, host immunity associated with inflammatory bowel disease and intervention of fecal microbiota transplantation.
2023Journal of autoimmunity
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Clinical profiles and outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving standard and higher-than-standard doses of vedolizumab: findings from a real-world study in Europe.
2023Current medical research and opinion
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Ulcerative colitis: molecular insights and intervention therapy.
2024Molecular biomedicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Microbiota Features in Relation to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Outcome in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
2025Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Obesity and Chronic Inflammation: Implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, and Ulcerative Colitis.
2025Immunity, inflammation and disease
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
EVOLVE-IBERIA: Real-world evidence on vedolizumab and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α as first- or second-line biologic treatment among patients with ulcerative colitis.
2026Gastroenterologia y hepatologia
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Gut Mycobiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.
2025Inflammatory bowel diseases
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Macrophages in Ulcerative Colitis: Immunomodulatory Roles, Phenotypic Switching, and Therapeutic Targeting.
2026Journal of innate immunity
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.