preclinical_heavy
Preclinical evidence exceeds central human evidence. Interpret translational relevance cautiously.
supportedtophigh inflation risk
Acetate production
crohn's disease
Acetate production has meaningful literature visibility in crohn's disease, but the current evidence mix suggests a substantial risk of overclaiming.
Acetate production shows a moderate evidence base in crohn's disease, with multiple central papers and additional supporting literature.
acetate_production
Credibility score
49
Human translation
2/5
Reproducibility
5/5
Novelty
2/5
Actionability
2/5
Credibility 49Human translation 2/5Reproducibility 5/5Novelty 2/5Actionability 2/5
Why this scores the way it does
- moderate central evidence base
- dense review literature
- substantial preclinical support
Main caveats
- preclinical evidence outweighs human evidence
- review density exceeds central evidence depth
Internal review flags
2 flagsreview_heavy
Review literature is very dense relative to primary central evidence.
Primary central evidence
9 papersThe diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is often unsupported in clinical practice.
2015Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Treatment of Active Crohn's Disease With an Ordinary Food-based Diet That Replicates Exclusive Enteral Nutrition.
2019Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Toxicity of hydrogen sulfide toward sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7.
2019Archives of microbiology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Analysis of pH Dose-dependent Growth of Sulfate-reducing Bacteria.
2019Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Efficacy and Safety of Etrasimod in a Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.
2020Gastroenterology
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet Reduces Markers of Inflammation and Dysbiosis and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.
2021Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (ELEVATE): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies.
2023Lancet (London, England)
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Effect of Mutant and Engineered High-Acetate-Producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii Strains in Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Colitis.
2024Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
In Vitro Effects of Twelve Food Additives on Gut Microbiome and Its Fibre Fermentation Capacity in Adults with Crohn's Disease in Remission and Healthy Controls.
2026Nutrients
Direct disease-relevant human paper with strong clinical, biomarker, or mechanistic framing.
Preclinical supporting evidence
19 papersHyperamylasemia in inflammatory bowel disease.
1988Journal of clinical gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, a butyrate producer with probiotic potential, is intrinsically tolerant to stomach and small intestine conditions.
2014Anaerobe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Host-Specific Adaptive Diversification of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli.
2019Cell host & microbe
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut Microenvironment and Bacterial Invasion in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
2020Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Analysis of Physiological Parameters of Desulfovibrio Strains from Individuals with Colitis.
2018Open life sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Butyrate enhances CPT1A activity to promote fatty acid oxidation and iTreg differentiation.
2021Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
GPR120 Inhibits Colitis Through Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Interleukin 10 Production.
2022Gastroenterology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Supplementation with Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Shapes the Gut Microbiota and Regulates the Transcriptomic Landscape in Experimental Colitis.
2022Nutrients
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
High Acetate Concentration Protects Intestinal Barrier and Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer Cultures from Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.
2023International journal of molecular sciences
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Repercussion of inflammatory bowel disease on lung homeostasis: The role of photobiomodulation.
2024Lasers in medical science
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Indole-3-acetic acid alleviates DSS-induced colitis by promoting the production of R-equol from Bifidobacterium pseudolongum.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 fermented milk modulates inflammation and gut microbiota to alleviate acute colitis.
2024Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
The gut microbiota-aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) axis mediates the anticolitic effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from Sanghuangporus.
2024iMeta
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota metabolite indole-3-acetic acid maintains intestinal epithelial homeostasis through mucin sulfation.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Vinegar-processed Schisandra Chinensis enhanced therapeutic effects on colitis-induced depression through tryptophan metabolism.
2024Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Clostridium sporogenes-derived metabolites protect mice against colonic inflammation.
2024Gut microbes
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Rewiring Tryptophan Metabolism via Programmable Probiotic Integrated by Dual-Layered Microcapsule Protects against Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice.
2024ACS nano
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites regulated by Wuji Wan to attenuate colitis through AhR signaling activation.
2025Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
PPARγ/β/δ Agonists Can Ameliorate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis and Modulate Gut Microbiota.
2025Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Disease-relevant preclinical or model-based paper useful as supporting evidence.
Review supporting evidence
24 papersRecent developments in the pharmacological treatment of Crohn's disease.
2004Expert opinion on investigational drugs
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Effects of dietary fiber on inflammatory bowel disease.
2005Molecular nutrition & food research
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Adrenomedullin as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease.
2013Current protein & peptide science
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
A review on chemical-induced inflammatory bowel disease models in rodents.
2014The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The nutrition-gut microbiome-physiology axis and allergic diseases.
2017Immunological reviews
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism.
2018Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Lifestyle alters GUT-bacteria function: Linking immune response and host.
2017Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
METABOLIC DYSBIOSIS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS BIOMARKERS.
2016Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Hydrogen cross-feeders of the human gastrointestinal tract.
2019Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
2019Frontiers in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: An overlooked therapy for IBD?
2021EBioMedicine
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives.
2021Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Inulin as a functional ingredient and their applications in meat products.
2022Carbohydrate polymers
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Molecular interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the host.
2022Molecular microbiology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management.
2022Gut microbes
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Etrasimod for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
2023Immunotherapy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites.
2023Seminars in immunology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of microbiota short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
2023Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives.
2023World journal of gastroenterology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Roles of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2023Nutrients
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Etrasimod: First Approval.
2024Drugs
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Exploration of gut microbiome and inflammation: A review on key signalling pathways.
2024Cellular signalling
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Berberine mitigates colitis-associated neuroinflammation and anxiety through modulation of the AMPK/NURR1 pathway.
2025Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.
Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
1976American journal of hospital pharmacy
Relevant review or meta-analysis for the signal-disease area.